Table 3 Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for cancer incidence among immigrants and non-immigrants in Canada
Factors | HR (95% confidence interval (CI)) | p-val |
|---|---|---|
Age | 1.06 (1.06–1.06) | < 0.001 |
Sex | ||
Female | 1.00 | |
Male | 1.39 (1.38–1.40) | < 0.001 |
Length of time spent in Canada | ||
Non-immigrants (N = 13,325,750) | 1.00 | |
Immigrants (0–4 years, N = 445,565) | 0.77 (0.71–0.84) | < 0.001 |
Immigrants (5–9 years, N = 288,195) | 0.82 (0.75–0.89) | < 0.001 |
Immigrants (10–19 years, N = 752,025) | 0.90 (0.82–0.98) | 0.011 |
Immigrants (20 + years, N = 2,147,670) | 0.98 (0.90–1.07) | 0.632 |
Region of birth | ||
Canada | 1.00 | |
US | 0.95 (0.87–1.04) | 0.262 |
South Asia | 0.65 (0.59–0.72) | <0.001 |
Southeast Asia | 0.82 (0.75–0.89) | < 0.001 |
Europe | 0.99 (0.91–1.08) | 0.831 |
Africa | 0.90 (0.82-1.00) | 0.040 |
North Africa and Middle East | 0.77 (0.70–0.85) | < 0.001 |
Caribbean | 0.87 (0.79–0.95) | 0.003 |
Central and South America | 0.74 (0.68–0.82) | < 0.001 |
Language | ||
Knows English and/or French | 1.00 | |
Neither English nor French | 0.84 (0.81–0.86) | < 0.001 |
Total household income | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | < 0.001 |
Education | ||
None | 1.00 | |
High school | 0.93 (0.92–0.93) | <0.001 |
Diploma, college certificate | 0.93 (0.93–0.94) | < 0.001 |
Bachelor’s degree or above | 0.86 (0.85–0.87) | < 0.001 |
Marital status | ||
Single | 1.00 | |
Married | 1.19 (1.17–1.20) | < 0.001 |
Separated | 1.32 (1.29–1.35) | < 0.001 |
Divorced | 1.35 (1.33–1.38) | < 0.001 |
Widowed | 0.95 (0.93–0.97) | < 0.001 |