The impact of physical and mind exercise on functional disability in activities of daily living among the oldest old

Table 3 Associations between exercise mode and ADL disability

Variables	Mode 4: Only physical exercise			Mode 5: Only mind exercise			Mode 6: Physical and mind exercise
Variables	OR	SE	95% CI	OR	SE	95% CI	OR	SE	95% CI
Exercise mode	0.636	0.026	0.588, 0.689	0.723	0.048	0.634, 0.823	0.464	0.035	0.399, 0.538
Age (1 = 100 years and older)	2.891	0.137	2.634, 3.173	2.899	0.138	2.641, 3.181	2.901	0.138	2.264, 3.184
Gender (1 = male)	1.137	0.047	1.048, 1.233	1.136	0.047	1.047, 1.231	1.111	0.046	1.024, 1.205
Marital status (1 = married)	0.544	0.027	0.494, 0.599	0.542	0.026	0.492, 0.596	0.539	0.026	0.490, 0.593
Education status (1 = literacy)	0.903	0.037	0.833, 0.978	0.916	0.037	0.845, 0.992	0.911	0.037	0.841, 0.987
Region (1 = urban)	1.779	0.066	1.655, 1.912	1.755	0.064	1.634, 1.886	1.789	0.066	1.665, 1.924
Live alone (1 = yes)	0.257	0.016	0.228, 0.290	0.258	0.016	0.229, 0.290	0.257	0.016	0.228, 0.290
Pension (1 = yes)	1.772	0.089	1.607, 1.955	1.691	0.083	1.535, 1.862	1.770	0.088	1.606, 1.952
Drinking (1 = yes)	0.744	0.033	0.681, 0.812	0.734	0.037	0.670, 0.814	0.739	0.033	0.677, 0.806
Smoking (1 = yes)	0.740	0.037	0.671, 0.815	0.739	0.037	0.670, 0.814	0.732	0.036	0.664, 0.807
MMSE [0–30]	0.891	0.003	0.884, 0.897	0.890	0.003	0.883, 0.896	0.891	0.003	0.884, 0.897
Depression [3–24]	0.920	0.006	0.908, 0.933	0.917	0.006	0.905, 0.930	0.922	0.006	0.909, 0.934

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