Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study participants

Age, years, mean (SD)

59.14 (9.52)

56.82 (8.64)

60.59 (9.46)

65.70 (10.28)

< 0.001

Male, n (%)

6912 (47.45)

3887 (53.80)

2587 (42.11)

438 (36.59)

< 0.001

Rural village, n (%)

11,367 (78.04)

5384 (74.52)

4951 (80.58)

1032 (86.22)

< 0.001

Education level, n (%)

< 0.001

Illiteracy

3980 (27.32)

1466 (20.29)

1951 (31.75)

563 (47.03)

Elementary school or blow

5795 (39.78)

2695 (37.30)

2644 (43.03)

456 (38.10)

Middle to vocational school

4448 (30.54)

2826 (39.11)

1453 (23.65)

169 (14.12)

College or above

343 (2.36)

238 (3.29)

96 (1.56)

9 (0.75)

Marital status, n (%)

< 0.001

Married

12,770 (87.67)

6603 (91.40)

5246 (85.38)

921 (76.94)

Divorced

1670 (11.47)

574 (7.94)

835 (13.59)

261 (21.80)

Unmarried

126 (0.86)

48 (0.66)

63 (1.03)

15 (1.25)

Smoking status, Yes, n (%)

4452 (30.56)

2499 (34.58)

1695 (27.59)

258 (21.55)

< 0.001

Drinking status, n (%)

< 0.001

Drinking, more than once a month

3683 (25.28)

2157 (29.86)

1352 (22.00)

174 (14.54)

Drinking, but less than once a month

1126 (7.74)

626 (8.66)

449 (7.31)

51 (4.26)

Drinking nothing

9757 (66.98)

4442 (61.48)

4343 (70.69)

972 (81.20)

Sleep time, mean (SD)

6.94 (2.19)

7.31 (1.90)

6.69 (2.28)

6.09 (2.78)

< 0.001

BMI Group, n (%)

Underweight

825 (5.66)

311 (4.30)

425 (6.92)

89 (7.44)

< 0.001

Normal

8716 (59.84)

4522 (62.59)

3494 (57.03)

700 (57.64)

Overweight

3600 (24.72)

1802 (24.94)

1522 (24.90)

276 (22.40)

Obesity

1425 (9.78)

590 (8.17)

685 (11.15)

153 (12.53)

Cancer, n (%)

248 (1.70)

107 (1.48)

116 (1.89)

25 (2.09)

< 0.05