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Table 2 Pulse wave velocity (m/s) in 2015–2018 according to long working hours at baseline (T1: 1991–1993)

From: Long working hours at midlife and arterial stiffness at older age in a 24-year prospective cohort

Baseline exposure to long working hours (> 40 h/week)

N

Pulse Wave Velocity, m/s (95% CI)

Crude Model

Adjusted Model 1

Adjusted Model 2

Total

(n = 1,629)

Unexposed at T1 (ref)

1,508

8.06

8.10

8.10

Exposed at T1

121

+ 0.68

(+ 0.37, + 0.98)

+ 0.14

(-0.15, + 0.42)

+ 0.12

(-0.16, + 0.40)

Actively Employed Workers in 2015-18

(n = 533)

Unexposed at T1 (ref)

504

7.63

7.65

7.65

Exposed at T1

29

+ 0.90

(+ 0.40, + 1.41)

+ 0.54

(+ 0.05, + 1.03)

+ 0.54

(+ 0.05, + 1.02)

Inactive Participants in 2015-18 (n = 1,096)

Unexposed at T1 (ref)

1,004

8.27

8.32

8.32

Exposed at T1

92

+ 0.52

(+ 0.15, + 0.90)

-0.01

(-0.36, + 0.34)

-0.04

(-0.38, + 0.31)

  1. Ref: Reference category, m/s: meter per second, CI: confidence intervals
  2. Adjusted model 1: Adjusted for age, sex, education
  3. Adjusted model 2: Model 1 plus alcohol intake, smoking, physical inactivity, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, diabetes diagnosis, hypertension medication, and job strain