Health service use, health outcomes and treatment costs of adults with a cochlear implant: a retrospective cohort study

Table 1 Demographic and implant related characteristics of adults who had a cochlear implant during 2011 to 2021, in New South Wales, Australia

Characteristics	18–64 years (n = 1461)		≥ 65 years (n = 1610)
	n	%	n	%	p-value^a
Sex
Male	641	43.9	890	55.3	< 0.0001
Female	820	56.1	720	44.7
Age in years, mean (SD)	46.8	(13.0)	75.4	(6.9)	< 0.0001
Place of residence
Urban	1108	75.8	1132	70.3	0.0007
Rural	325	22.3	442	27.5
Not known^b	28	1.9	36	2.2
Socio-economic index
1 (most disadvantaged)	273	18.7	248	15.4	0.0375
2	319	21.8	331	20.6
3	282	19.3	301	18.7
4	214	14.7	274	17.0
5 (least disadvantaged)	345	23.6	420	26.1
Not known^b	28	1.9	36	2.2
Number of Charlson comorbidities
None	1360	93.1	1375	85.4	< 0.0001
≥ 1	101	6.9	235	14.6
Mental health disorder
No	1411	96.6	1574	97.8	0.0466
Yes	50	3.4	36	2.2
Hospital type
Public	474	32.4	397	24.7	< 0.0001
Private	987	67.6	1213	73.3
Number of implants
1	978	66.9	1158	71.9	0.0027
≥ 2	483	33.1	452	28.1
Number of implant removals
None	1362	93.2	1525	94.7	0.0809
≥ 1	99	6.8	85	5.3
Post-operative mechanical complications (index admission)
No	1447	99.0	1601	99.4	0.2000
Yes	14	1.0	9	0.6
Mastoid and temporal bone procedures
Excision procedure	46	3.2	95	5.9	0.0005
Other procedures^c	7	0.5	14	0.9
Principal diagnosis
Diseases of the ear and mastoid procedure	1396	95.6	1562	97.0	0.1413
Neoplasms	22	1.5	16	1.0
Injuries	14	1.0	10	0.6
Factors influencing health status and contact with health services	12	0.8	6	0.4
Other diagnoses^d	17	1.2	16	1.0

SD: Standard deviation; ^aP-value for Pearson Chi-Square or t-test; ^bNot included in the Chi-square; ^cOther procedures include: Repair, reconstruction, revision and other mastoid and bone; ^dOther diagnoses include: Certain infectious and parasitic diseases, diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs and certain disorders involving the immune mechanism, mental and behavioural disorders, diseases of the nervous system, diseases of the eye and adnexa, diseases of the digestive system, disease of the respiratory system, diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue, diseases of the genitourinary system, congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities and symptoms, signs, abnormal clinical and laboratory findings not elsewhere classified

ISSN: 1471-2458