Fig. 1

Positive cases and rates of respiratory pathogens during the COVID-19 pandemic (2021–2022) and after the COVID-19 pandemic (2023). Three respiratory viruses were included: influenza virus A and B (IVA, IVB) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Eight bacteria were included: Acinetobacter baumannii (ABA), Haemophilus influenzae (HIN), Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAE), Staphylococcus aureus (SAU), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (SMA), Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)