Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study participants enrolled in UK Biobank according to CKM syndrome stages
Characteristics | CKM syndrome | P value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CKM Stage 0 (N = 23,430) | CKM Stage 1 (N = 14,588) | CKM Stage 2 (N = 200,995) | CKM Stage 3 (N = 3,623) | ||
Age, years, median (IQR) | 51.00 (45.00, 58.00) | 51.00 (45.00, 58.00) | 58.00 (50.00, 63.00) | 66.00 (63.00, 68.00) |  < 0.001 |
Sex, No. (%) | |||||
 Male | 5541 (23.6) | 4203 (28.8) | 97,460 (48.5) | 2818 (77.8) |  < 0.001 |
 Female | 17,889 (76.4) | 10,385 (71.2) | 103,535 (51.5) | 805 (22.2) |  |
Alcohol, No. (%) | |||||
 Never | 1256 (5.4) | 757 (5.2) | 11,599 (5.8) | 374 (10.3) |  < 0.001 |
 Drinker | 22,174 (94.6) | 13,831 (94.8) | 189,396 (94.2) | 3249 (89.7) |  |
Physical activity level, No. (%) | |||||
 Low | 4300 (18.4) | 3274 (22.4) | 47,731 (23.7) | 1099 (30.3) |  < 0.001 |
 Moderate | 12,222 (52.2) | 7295 (50.0) | 97,132 (48.3) | 1591 (43.9) |  |
 High | 6908 (29.5) | 4019 (27.6) | 56,132 (27.9) | 933 (25.8) |  |
Income, No. (%) | |||||
 Level 1 | 3136 (13.4) | 2155 (14.8) | 41,885 (20.8) | 1505 (41.5) |  < 0.001 |
 Level 2 | 4739 (20.2) | 3160 (21.7) | 51,775 (25.8) | 1149 (31.7) |  |
 Level 3 | 6558 (28.0) | 4301 (29.5) | 54,373 (27.1) | 614 (16.9) |  |
 Level 4 | 8997 (38.4) | 4972 (34.1) | 52,962 (26.3) | 355 (9.8) |  |
Employment, No. (%) | |||||
 Working | 17,956 (76.6) | 11,179 (76.6) | 123,589 (61.5) | 968 (26.7) |  < 0.001 |
 Unemployed | 268 (1.1) | 196 (1.3) | 2822 (1.4) | 40 (1.1) |  |
 Retired | 3551 (15.2) | 2383 (16.3) | 64,304 (32.0) | 2467 (68.1) |  |
 Other | 1655 (7.1) | 830 (5.7) | 10,280 (5.1) | 148 (4.1) |  |
Education, No. (%) | |||||
 < 10 years | 4995 (21.3) | 3858 (26.4) | 63,678 (31.7) | 1723 (47.6) |  < 0.001 |
 ≥ 10 years | 18,435 (78.7) | 10,730 (73.6) | 137,317 (68.3) | 1900 (52.4) |  |
Diet, No. (%) | |||||
 < 5 portions/day | 18,306 (78.1) | 11,470 (78.6) | 158,213 (78.7) | 2847 (78.6) | 0.232 |
 ≥ 5 portions/day | 5124 (21.9) | 3118 (21.4) | 42,782 (21.3) | 776 (21.4) |  |
Healthy sleep score, No. (%) | |||||
 0 | 20 (0.1) | 25 (0.2) | 441 (0.2) | 14 (0.4) |  < 0.001 |
 1 | 540 (2.3) | 543 (3.7) | 9426 (4.7) | 256 (7.1) |  |
 2 | 3297 (14.1) | 2801 (19.2) | 42,856 (21.3) | 923 (25.5) |  |
 3 | 8468 (36.1) | 5561 (38.1) | 77,525 (38.6) | 1378 (38.0) |  |
 4 | 8632 (36.8) | 4464 (30.6) | 57,731 (28.7) | 872 (24.1) |  |
 5 | 2473 (10.6) | 1194 (8.2) | 13,016 (6.5) | 180 (5.0) |  |
Smoking status, No. (%) | |||||
 Never smoker | 14,459 (61.7) | 8262 (56.6) | 109,182 (54.3) | 1093 (30.2) |  < 0.001 |
 Former smoker | 6693 (28.6) | 4843 (33.2) | 71,716 (35.7) | 1390 (38.4) |  |
 Current smoker | 2278 (9.7) | 1483 (10.2) | 20,097 (10.0) | 1140 (31.5) |  |
Years since quitting (among former smokers), No. (%) | |||||
 ≥ 25 | 1208 (33.3) | 877 (28.9) | 18,102 (37.8) | 503 (46.3) |  < 0.001 |
 15 to 24 | 1010 (27.9) | 768 (25.3) | 11,994 (25.0) | 267 (24.6) |  |
 10 to 14 | 439 (12.1) | 378 (12.5) | 5320 (11.1) | 100 (9.2) |  |
 5 to 9 | 455 (12.6) | 449 (14.8) | 6172 (12.9) | 111 (10.2) |  |
 < 5 | 512 (14.1) | 559 (18.4) | 6348 (13.2) | 106 (9.8) |  |