Table 1 Characteristics of pregnancy-related deaths in Sudan, 2009–2019
From: A decade of change: maternal mortality trends in Sudan, 2009–2019
Characteristic | Description | 2009–2012 | 2013–2016 | 2017–2019 | Chi-Square (p < 0.05) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |||
Condition at admission | Arrived dead | 97(0.11) | 92(2.47) | 107(3.51) | 1χ2 = 32.1, 2df = 4, p < 0.001 |
Critically ill | 2208(76.19) | 2819(75.74) | 2428(79.63) | ||
Stable | 593(20.46) | 811(21.79) | 514(16.86) | ||
Common causes of maternal death | Obstetric hemorrhage | 842(42.06) | 1353(48.99) | 1325(52.89) | χ2 = 40.77, df = 6, p < 0.001 |
Hypertensive disorders (eclampsia) | 431(21.53) | 589(21.33) | 587(23.43) | ||
Sepsis | 383(19.13) | 518(18.75) | 443(17.68) | ||
Abortion | 183(9.14) | 189(6.84) | 150(5.99) | ||
Age at death | </= 20 | 515(15.83) | 693(16.05) | 603(16.71) | χ2 = 11.87, df = 6, p = 0.065 |
21–30 | 1568(48.2) | 2175(50.36) | 1749(48.48) | ||
31–40 | 1085(33.35) | 1377(31.88) | 1172(32.48) | ||
> 40 | 85(2.61) | 74(1.71) | 84(2.33) | ||
Gestational age (weeks) | < 28 | 27(6.85) | 493(15.36) | 505(14) | χ2 = 223.84, df = 12, p < 0.001 |
28–36 | 49(12.44) | 524(16.33) | 684(18.96) | ||
=/> 37 (including childbirth) | 307(77.92) | 1380(43) | 1474(40.85) | ||
puerperium | 11(2.79) | 812(25.3) | 945(26.19) | ||
Antenatal care | no antenatal care | 2100(64.56) | 2623(68.11) | 2464(68.29) | χ2 = 13.65, df = 2, p = 0.0011 |
with antenatal care | 1153(35.44) | 1228(31.89) | 1144(31.71) | ||
Mode of delivery | Not delivered | 1100(33.81) | 1355(31.37) | 1032(28.6) | χ2 = 56.95, df = 8, p < 0.001 |
Spontaneous Vaginal delivery | 1286(39.53) | 1802(41.72) | 1616(44.79) | ||
instrumental vaginal delivery | 90(2.77) | 64(1.48) | 44(1.22) | ||
Elective C/S | 126(3.87) | 155(3.59) | 129(3.58) | ||
Emergency C/S | 651(20.01) | 943(21.83) | 787(21.81) | ||
Birth attendance | Obstetrician | - | 548(17.08) | - | |
Registrar | - | 1528(47.62) | - | ||
Medical Officer | - | 578(18.01) | - | ||
House Officer | - | 48(1.5) | - | ||
Midwife | - | 264(8.23) | - | ||
Others | - | 243(7.57) | - | ||
Areas of delay | No delay | 117(28.61) | 441(13.74) | 616(17.07) | χ2 = 82.64, df = 6, p < 0.001 |
Delay at home | 206(50.37) | 2187(68.15) | 2309(64) | ||
Delay in reaching hospital | 52(12.71) | 286(8.91) | 390(10.81) | ||
Delay in receiving medical care | 34(8.31) | 295(9.19) | 293(8.12) | ||
Place of death | Hospital | 1966(86.46) | 3722(85.9) | 3049(84.51) | χ2 = 5.1, df = 2, p= 0.0779 |
Home | 308(13.54) | 611(14.1) | 559(15.49) |