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Table 2 Ultra-processed food consumption and relative contribution of food groups

From: The association between ultra-processed food consumption and adiposity indexes in adults living in Tehran: a dose-response analysis within a cross-sectional study

 

Quartiles of ultra-processed food intake

Variables

Q1

(0-24.9%)

Q2

(25-49.9%)

Q3

(50-74.9%)

Q4

(75–100%)

P-value

(n = 212)

(n = 213)

(n = 213)

(n = 212)

 

Food groups (Kcal/d)

Hydrogenated fat, mayonnaise, and margarine

9.76 (16.11)

31.90 (40.05)

88.88 (90.65)

243.27 (243.60)

0.001>

Sweets snacks a

20.04 (21.40)

43.41 (35.30)

73.77 (80.66)

134.25 (138.47)

0.001>

Salty snacks b

4.64 (9.04)

23.00 (30.09)

42.07 (61.38)

91.33 (155.25)

0.001>

Dairy products c

5.76 (9.04)

15.10 (17.52)

27.37 (37.59)

49.48 (65.11)

0.001>

Processed meat d

3.44 (6.80)

6.31 (11.95)

8.01 (14.13)

22.63 (41.99)

0.001>

Soft drink

2.34 (6.19)

5.44 (9.23)

12.70 (29.10)

24.12 (43.09)

0.001>

Creamy cheese

3.66 (10.10)

15.26 (27.42)

25.67 (49.44)

45.18 (73.55)

0.001>

Energy from UPF (Kcal/d)

49.67 (29.81)

140.55 (39.72)

278.49 (175.27)

610.28 (286.89)

0.001>

% of total energy from UPF

2.16 (1.20)

6.15 (1.21)

12.20 (2.45)

32.13 (15.91)

0.001>

  1. Abbreviations: Q, quartiles, a includes cakes, biscuits, candies, and chocolate b potato chips and pufak; c includes ice creams and chocolate milk; d includes sausages, burgers, and cut colds
  2. The data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD)