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Table 1 Demographic and clinical variables according to the quartiles of ultra-processed foods intake

From: The association between ultra-processed food consumption and adiposity indexes in adults living in Tehran: a dose-response analysis within a cross-sectional study

 

Quartiles of ultra-processed food intake

Variables

Q1

(0-24.9%)

Q2

(25-49.9%)

Q3

(50-74.9%)

Q4

(75–100%)

P-value

(n = 212)

(n = 213)

(n = 213)

(n = 212)

 

Age (years)

45.27 (10.56)

43.72 (10.41)

44.56 (11.13)

45.49 (10.61)

0.313a

Sex, n (%)

Male

41 (19.3)

43 (20.2)

79 (37.1)

103 (48.6)

0.001 > b

Female

171 (80.7)

170 (79.8)

134 (62.9)

109 (51.4)

Physical activity status, n (%)

Low

135 (63.7)

138 (64.8)

129 (60.6)

137 (64.6)

0.787b

Moderate

77 (36.3)

75 (35.2)

84 (39.4)

75 (35.4)

Education status, n (%)

illiterate

20 (9.4)

12 (5.6)

20 (9.4)

21 (9.9)

0.013b

Under diploma

47 (22.2)

46 (21.6)

62 (29.1)

69 (32.5)

Diploma

79 (37.3)

46 (30.0)

65 (30.5)

53 (25.0)

University educated

66 (31.1)

91 (42.7)

66 (31.0)

69 (32.5)

Occupation, n (%)

Employee

42 (19.8)

58 (27.2)

59 (27.7)

61 (28.8)

0.048b

Housekeeper

131 (61.8)

119 (55.9)

117 (54.9)

109 (51.4)

Retired

28 (13.2)

27 (12.7)

34 (16.0)

39 (18.4)

Unemployed

11 (5.2)

9 (4.2)

3 (1.4)

3 (1.4)

Marital status, n (%)

Single

15 (7.1)

32 (15.0)

25 (11.7)

20 (9.4)

0.219b

Married

179 (84.4)

164 (77.0)

173 (81.2)

172 (81.1)

Divorced

18 (8.5)

17 (8.0)

15 (7.0)

20 (9.4)

Smoking status, n (%)

Not smoking

197 (92.9)

187 (87.8)

189 (88.7)

197 (92.9)

0.373b

Quit smoking

5 (2.4)

12 (5.6)

12 (5.6)

7 (3.3)

Low smoking

10 (4.7)

14 (6.6)

12 (5.6)

8 (3.8)

Supplement intake, n (%)

Yes

30 (14.2)

29 (13.6)

34 (16.0)

38 (17.9)

0.601b

No

182 (85.8)

184 (86.4)

179 (84.0)

174 (82.1)

BMI (kg/m2)

27.94 (4.31)

28.81 (4.25)

27.97 (4.76)

28.05 (4.65)

0.013a

WC (cm)

91.90 (11.49)

90.12 (12.59)

92.45 (12.79)

93.82 (12.62)

0.021a

WHR

0.88 (0.08)

0.86 (0.88)

0.89 (0.08)

0.90 (0.08)

0.001 > a

WHtR

0.57 (0.07)

0.56 (0.08)

0.56 (0.08)

0.57 (0.07)

0.466a

VAI

5.69 (3.74)

5.47 (3.81)

5.27 (3.90)

5.01 (3.37)

0.269a

BRI

4.89 (1.70)

4.75 (1.89)

4.78 (1.71)

4.95 (1.68)

0.602a

BAI

33.20 (6.74)

33.08 (7.48)

31.88 (6.60)

31.47 (6.60)

0.018a

LAP

(cm.mmol/L)

51.20 (33.35)

52.12 (32.40)

51.99 (32.53)

51.09 (33.07)

0.992a

TyG

8.74 (0.59)

8.85 (0.62)

8.82 (0.63)

8.81 (0.53)

0.266a

  1. Abbreviations: Q, quartiles, BMI, body mass index; kg/m2, Kilogram per square meter; WC, waist circumference; cm, centimeter; WHR, waist−to−hip ratio; WHtR, waist−to−height ratio; VAI, visceral adiposity index; BRI, Body roundness index BAI, body adiposity index; LAP, lipid accumulation product; mmol, milli mole; L, liter; TyG, triglyceride−glucose index
  2. The data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD) or numbers (percent)
  3. a ANOVA, b Pearson Chi−Square
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BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

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