Table 3 Multinomial logistic regression models accessing the association between type of contraception uptake and pregnancy outcomes among young married women (reference category: live birth), India, NFHS, 2015–16

Type of contraception uptake

No contraception^®

SARCs

0.84 (0.70–0.81)***

0.16

0.77 (0.58–0.63)***

0.15

0.91 (0.79–1.02)

0.06

0.85 (0.74–0.99)**

0.06

0.33 (0.24–0.47)***

0.05

0.84 (0.54–1.28)

0.18

LARCs

0.50 (3.60–5.63)***

0.11

0.79 (0.69–0.74)***

0.17

0.74 (0.52–1.04)***

0.13

0.75 (0.53–1.06)

0.12

0.01 (0.07–1.52)**

0.03

0.03 (0.21–4.28)

0.02

PMs

0.25 (0.42–0.67) *

0.08

0.49 (0.37–0.64)

0.08

0.13 (0.09–0.17)*

0.04

0.21 (0.15–0.31)

0.05

0.12 (0.07–0.21)

0.04

0.77 (0.41–1.48)

0.22

Maternal age (years)

15–19^®

20–24

1.49 (1.17–1.90)***

0.18

1.77 (1.30–2.40)***

0.27

1.63 (1.33–1.99)***

0.16

2.12 (1.65–2.74)***

0.27

0.5 (0.39–0.63)***

0.05

4.62 (1.86–11.51)***

0.25

Body mass index (kg/m²)

Thin (< 18.5) ^®

Normal (18.5–24.9)

0.97 (0.77–1.14)***

0.09

0.86 (0.76–1.12)**

0.08

0.89 (0.73–1.02)**

0.06

0.76 (0.58–1.16)**

0.07

0.91 (0.73–1.14)*

0.10

0.87 (0.63–1.21)

0.12

Overweight & Obese (≥ 25.0)

1.30 (1.04–1.62)**

0.14

0.99 (0.68–1.13)**

0.11

1.28 (1.08–1.53)***

0.11

1.31 (1.15–1.73)***

0.14

1.53 (1.12–2.10)***

0.24

1.79 (1.13–2.91)**

0.29

Height

< 145 cm^®

≥ 145 cm

1.05 (0.88–1.26)***

0.08

0.95 (0.78–1.16)**

0.09

0.99 (0.86–1.14)**

0.07

1.18 (0.98–1.41)*

0.10

0.49 (0.4–0.61)**

0.05

0.74 (0.49–1.14)*

0.16

Haemoglobin level

Non-anaemic^®

Anaemic (10.0–12.0 g/dl)

0.96 (0.86–1.08)

0.06

1.03 (0.91–1.17)

0.07

0.97 (0.88–1.06)

0.04

1.10 (0.98–1.23)

0.07

0.78 (0.66–0.93)***

0.78

0.81 (0.62–1.09)

0.12

Number of ANC visits

< 4 times^®

≥ 4 times

1.43 (1.28–1.61)***

0.07

1.18 (1.02–1.37)**

0.08

0.78 (0.71–0.86)***

0.04

0.81 (0.71–0.91)***

0.05

0.77 (0.61–0.98)**

0.10

0.86 (0.62–1.21)

0.14

Place of delivery

Home^®

Institution

1.31 (1.11–1.53)***

0.11

0.78 (0.64–0.95)**

0.05

1.05 (0.93–1.19)

0.06

1.11 (0.94–1.31)

0.11

0.66 (0.52–0.88)***

0.10

0.48 (0.33–0.71)***

0.09

Mode of delivery

Normal^®

C-section

1.51 (1.33–1.73)***

0.10

1.18 (1.07–1.39)**

0.10

0.93 (0.82–1.05)*

0.06

1.10 (0.94–1.28)**

0.09

0.98 (0.71–1.35)

0.17

1.38 (0.93–2.06)

0.28

Parity

1^®

2

0.55 (0.31–0.86)***

0.05

0.74 (0.64–0.86)***

0.05

0.32 (0.44–0.59)***

0.10

0.47 (0.42–0.54)***

0.03

0.43 (0.32–0.59)**

0.02

0.24 (0.16–0.35)***

0.05

≥ 3

0.47 (0.43–0.77)***

0.03

0.63 (0.49–0.81)***

0.09

0.27 (0.52–0.64)**

0.09

0.42 (0.33–0.51)***

0.05

0.62 (0.51–0.74)*

0.03

0.05 (0.02–0.14)***

0.02

Desire for more children

Want soon

Want later

1.54 (1.27–1.87)***

0.15

2.56 (1.91–2.82)**

1.22

1.17 (0.97–1.40)*

0.10

1.03 (0.54–1.99)

0.23

1.25 (0.83–1.96)*

0.28

1.50 (1.17–1.68)**

1.20

Want no more

1.65 (1.22–2.23)***

0.25

1.61 (0.42–6.18)

1.13

1.33 (1.01–1.75)***

0.18

1.29 (0.85–1.53)*

0.21

0.28 (0.06–1.26)*

0.21

0.78 (0.34–0.56)

0.09

Pregnancy intentions

Wanted

Mistimed

1.39 (1.15–1.69)***

0.13

1.21 (1.04–1.22)***

0.28

1.13 (0.95–1.34)**

0.09

1.01 (0.84–1.18)*

0.13

1.11 (0.71–1.33)

0.24

1.19 (1.02–1.21)

0.15

Unwanted

1.24 (1.32–1.52)***

0.12

1.13 (1.08–1.42)**

0.22

1.18 (0.90–1.54)

0.11

0.43 (0.28–0.54)

0.07

0.77 (0.51–1.08)***

0.18

1.07 (1.05–1.40)**

0.11

Distance to health facility

No problem^®

Minor & Big problem

0.58 (0.52–0.65)***

0.03

0.70 (0.61–0.83)***

0.04

1.07 (0.91–1.14)

0.05

1.07 (0.95–1.21)

0.06

0.92 (0.77–1.12)*

0.08

0.73 (0.53–1.11)**

0.12

Place of residence

Urban^®

Rural

0.50 (0.45–0.56)***

0.02

0.58 (0.5–0.67)***

0.05

0.97 (0.88–1.08)

0.06

0.98 (0.85–1.13)

0.08

1.46 (1.17–1.81)***

0.13

1.88 (1.23–2.88)***

0.18

Level of education

Illiterate^®

Primary

2.07 (1.67–2.57)***

0.22

1.77 (1.37–2.27)***

0.21

1.16 (1.01–1.35)**

0.08

1.25 (1.04–1.51)**

0.11

0.87 (0.67–1.11)

0.11

0.87 (0.54–1.41)

0.21

Secondary

2.18 (1.82–2.61)***

0.20

1.29 (1.03–1.63)**

0.15

1.02 (0.91–1.14)

0. 06

1.03 (0.88–1.22)

0.08

0.65 (0.53–0.79)***

0.06

0.69 (0.46–1.05)*

0.14

Higher

2.47 (1.92–3.17)***

0.26

1.14 (0.84–1.56)

0.18

0.89 (0.73–1.11)

0.09

0.64 (0.49–0.84)***

0.07

0.63 (0.41–0.89)***

0.10

0.46 (0.23–0.92)**

0.11

Religion

Hindu^®

Muslims

0.87 (0.74–1.02)**

0.07

0.72 (0.57–0.86)***

0.07

1.12 (1.04–1.26)**

0.06

1.15 (0.98–1.36)*

0.09

0.88 (0.72–1.12)

0.10

1.19 (0.75–1.91)

0.28

Christen

1.15 (0.75–1.75)

0.21

0.91 (0.53–1.55)

0.25

0.77 (0.50–1.17)

0.17

1.11 (0.66–1.86)

0.17

1.19 (0.64–2.23)

0.22

0.83 (0.15–4.20)

0.22

Others

1.04 (0.70–1.43)

0.16

0.87 (0.58–1.31)

0.18

1.09 (0.82–1.44)

0.15

0.93 (0.66–1.31)

0.13

1.14 (0.69–1.88)

0.17

0.27 (0.06–1.29)

0.06

Caste

SC/ST^®

OBC

1.02 (0.89–1.16)

0.06

0.95 (0.82–1.11)

0.08

1.12 (0.99–1.22)**

0.04

0.97 (0.85–1.11)

0.06

0.74 (0.62–0.89)***

0.05

0.71 (0.51–0.99)**

0.12

Others

1.28 (1.10–1.49)***

0.09

0.97 (0.83–1.17)**

0.10

1.09 (0.96–1.24)

0.07

0.96 (0.82–1.14)

0.09

0.66 (0.51–0.84)***

0.08

0.4 (0.24–0.68)***

0.11

Wealth quintile

Poorest^®

Poorer

1.47 (1.20–1.81)***

0.15

1.35 (1.06–1.72)**

0.16

1.08 (0.95–1.24)

0.07

1.09 (0.91–1.32)

0.09

0.74 (0.61–0.93)**

0.08

0.39 (0.23–0.65)***

0.10

Middle

2.19 (1.81–2.66)***

0.21

1.78 (1.39–2.29)***

0.22

1.17 (1.02–1.34)**

0.08

1.22 (1.01–1.47)**

0.11

0.68 (0.54–0.86)***

0.07

0.64 (0.39–1.05)*

0.16

Richer

2.70 (2.22–3.28)***

0.25

1.62 (1.22–2.11)***

0.21

1.22 (1.06–1.41)***

0.09

1.31 (1.05–1.62)**

0.15

0.63 (0.49–0.82)***

0.07

1.22 (0.74–2.02)**

0.28

Richest

3.21 (2.60–3.96)***

0.31

1.63 (1.19–2.24)***

0.25

1.15 (0.97–1.36)

0.06

1.16 (0.89–1.50)

0.19

0.54 (0.38–0.76)***

0.05

0.77 (0.38–1.53)**

0.19

Region of residence

North^®

Central

1.15 (0.94–1.40)

0.11

0.65 (0.51–0.82)***

0.18

0.96 (0.83–1.11)

0.06

1.07 (0.91–1.28)

0.08

1.25 (0.95–1.63)

0.16

1.19 (0.75–1.89)

0.19

East

1.01 (0.83–1.24)

0.10

0.93 (0.77–1.12)

0.19

0.73 (0.64–0.84)***

0.05

0.82 (0.69–0.94)***

0.07

0.85 (0.65–1.13)***

0.12

0.36 (0.22–0.57)***

0.08

North-east

1.70 (1.27–2.29)***

0.22

1.37 (0.95–1.97)*

0.22

0.55 (0.41–0.75)***

0.08

0.64 (0.43–0.96)**

0.12

0.33 (0.15–0.71)***

0.11

0.04 (0.13–2.87)

0.07

West

0.86 (0.68–1.09)***

0.11

0.62 (0.49–0.79)***

0.14

0.67 (0.57–0.81)***

0.04

0.87 (0.72–1.05)

0.15

0.79 (0.57–1.12)***

0.17

1.33 (0.81–2.06)

0.23

South

1.18 (0.96–1.45)

0.13

0.95 (0.77–1.18)

0.17

0.43 (0.36–0.51)***

0.02

0.63 (0.51–0.77)***

0.09

0.57 (0.41–0.79)***

0.08

0.71 (0.43–1.17)

0.16

Pseudo R²

0.0224

0.0572

0.0224

0.0572

0.0224

0.0572