Prediction of dementia risk by instrumental activities of daily living limitations and its impact on dementia onset in combination with mild cognitive impairment: a population-based longitudinal study

Table 2 Participant characteristics according to dementia onset during the 5-year follow-up

Variables	Dementia onset during the 5-year follow-up		P-value ^*
Variables	Participants without dementia onset n = 1,967	Participants with dementia onset n = 151	P-value ^*
Age, years	73.0 ± 5.7	79.4 ± 5.0	< 0.001
Sex, men (%)	787 (40.0)	54 (35.8)	0.304
Education, years	11.1 ± 2.3	10.5 ± 2.3	0.004
Hypertension, n (%)	987 (50.2)	80 (53.0)	0.507
Diabetes mellitus, n (%)	271 (13.8)	31 (20.5)	0.022
Heart disease, n (%)	327 (16.6)	21 (13.9)	0.385
MMSE, points	27.6 ± 2.0	26.9 ± 1.9	< 0.001
MCI, n (%)	462 (23.5)	65 (43.0)	< 0.001

MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; MCI, mild cognitive impairment.
Data are expressed as means ± standard deviations or numbers (%)
^* P-values are based on the Student’s t-test for continuous variables and the chi-squared test for categorical variables

ISSN: 1471-2458