Prediction of dementia risk by instrumental activities of daily living limitations and its impact on dementia onset in combination with mild cognitive impairment: a population-based longitudinal study

Table 1 Participant characteristics according to instrumental activities of daily living ability at baseline

Variables	Overall n = 2,118	IADL ability at baseline		P-value ^*
Variables	Overall n = 2,118	Participants without IADL limitations (NCGG-ADL 13 points) n = 1,871	Participants with IADL limitations (NCGG-ADL ≤ 12 points) n = 247	P-value ^*
Age, years	73.5 ± 5.9	73.1 ± 5.7	76.2 ± 6.4	< 0.001
Sex, men (%)	841 (39.7)	686 (36.7)	155 (62.8)	< 0.001
Education, years	11.0 ± 2.3	11.1 ± 2.3	10.4 ± 2.2	< 0.001
Hypertension, n (%)	1,067 (50.4)	935 (50.0)	132 (53.4)	0.306
Diabetes mellitus, n (%)	302 (14.3)	257 (13.7)	45 (18.2)	0.058
Heart disease, n (%)	348 (16.4)	298 (15.9)	50 (20.2)	0.085
MMSE, points	27.6 ± 2.0	27.6 ± 1.9	27.0 ± 2.0	< 0.001
MCI, n (%)	527 (24.9)	438 (23.4)	89 (36.0)	< 0.001
Dementia onset, n (%)	151 (7.1)	116 (6.2)	35 (14.2)	< 0.001

IADL, instrumental activities of daily living; NCGG-ADL, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology Activities of Daily Living; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; MCI, mild cognitive impairment.
Data are expressed as means ± standard deviations or numbers (%)
^* P-values are based on the Student’s t-test for continuous variables and the chi-squared test for categorical variables

ISSN: 1471-2458