Table 1 Patients’ demographic and clinical characteristics
|  | Outdoor Workers (n = 232) (%) | Indoor Workers (n = 232) (%) | Total (N = 464) (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
Age groups: | |||
 18–25 | 27 (11.6%) | 21 (9.0%) | 48 (10.3%) |
 26–35 | 47 (20.3%) | 119 (51.3%) | 166 (35.8%) |
 36–55 | 111 (47.8%) | 81 (35.0%) | 192 (41.4%) |
 > 55 | 47 (20.3%) | 11 (4.7%) | 58 (12.5%) |
Gender: | |||
 Male | 231 (99.6%) | 146 (63.0%) | 377 (81.3%) |
 Female | 1 (0.4%) | 86 (37.0%) | 87 (18.7%) |
Education level: | |||
 Primary School | 29 (12.5%) | 7 (3.0%) | 36 (7.7%) |
 Middle School | 81 (35.0%) | 0 (0%) | 81 (17.5%) |
 Secondary School | 93 (40.0%) | 1 (0.4%) | 94 (20.3%) |
 College and Higher | 29 (12.5%) | 224 (96.6%) | 253 (54.5%) |
Smoking/Shisha: | |||
 No | 85 (36.6%) | 133 (57.3%) | 218 (47.0%) |
 Yes | 147 (63.4%) | 99 (42.7%) | 246 (53.0%) |
Non-ocular comorbidities: | |||
 No | 175 (75.4%) | 200 (86.2%) | 375 (80.8%) |
 Yes | 57 (24.6%) | 32 (13.8%) | 89 (19.2%) |
Medication use: | |||
 No | 177 (76.3%) | 201 (86.6%) | 378 (81.5%) |
 Yes | 55 (23.7%) | 31 (13.4%) | 86 (18.5%) |
Ocular comorbidities: | |||
 No comorbidity | 224 (96.5%) | 208 (89.7%) | 432 (93.1%) |
 Myopia | 2 (0.9%) | 10 (4.3%) | 12 (2.6%) |
 Hyperopia | 5 (2.2%) | 4 (1.7%) | 9 (1.9%) |
 Astigmatism | 0 (0%) | 5 (2.2%) | 5 (1.1%) |
 Myopia and Astigmatism | 0 (0%) | 4 (1.7%) | 4 (0.9%) |
 Cataract | 1 (0.4%) | 1 (0.4%) | 2 (0.4%) |
Lubricant eye drops use: | |||
 No | 224 (96.6%) | 161 (69.4%) | 385 (83.0%) |
 Yes | 8 (3.4%) | 71 (30.6%) | 79 (17.0%) |
Previous diagnosis of DED: | |||
 No | 220 (95.0%) | 153 (66.0%) | 373 (80.4%) |
 Yes | 12 (5.0%) | 79 (34.0%) | 91 (19.6%) |