Table 6 What this literature review contributes, and what this literature review has to offer for future research, or entrepreneurial and/or political projects
From: Factors for adherence to a physical activity promotion program in the workplace: a systematic review
What this literature review contributes | Main references: authors, years | Ref. number |
|---|---|---|
• Adherence Factors | ||
PAP adherence is correlated with baseline PA level | SPAP | |
Brand R, 2006; | [167], | |
Genin PM, 2018; | [186], | |
Corbett DB, 2018 | [135] | |
NSPAP | ||
Marshall AL, 2003; Gazmariaran JA, 2013; | ||
Macniven R, 2015; Losina E, 2017; | ||
Brunet J, 2020 | [121] | |
Management, psychosocial factors (work autonomy, work place, workload and interpersonal relationships at work) played a central role in employees'participation in a PA promotion program.Example of organizational actions (Stenner HT, 2020): personal guidance and regular contact between participants and the supervisor were likely to be helpful for strong compliance.Example of organizational actions (Dishman RK, 2009): 1. Senior management endorsement. 2. Joint employee–management steering committees. 3. Group and organizational goals and incentives for each worksite. 4. Environmental prompts such as parking and walking, taking walk breaks, and climbing. | SPAP | |
Atlantis E, 2006; Andersen LL, 2008; | ||
Van Wormer JJ, 2012; Jørgensen MB, 2012; | ||
Bredahl TVG, 2015, Andersen LL, 2015; | ||
Jakobsen MD, 2015; Stenner HT, 2020. | ||
NSPAP: | ||
Dishman RK 2009; | [113] | |
Van Hoecke AS 2013; | [142] | |
Bale JM, 2015; Lawton R, 2015; | ||
Carr JL, 2016; Chaélat-Valayer E, 2016; | ||
Murray JM, 2019. | [127] | |
Tosta Maciel RRB, 2021 | [131] | |
Short time PA program could promote adherence to PA “Adherence to the short-burst office-based PA (10 mn per day) are facilitated by educational lectures, instructions on performing appropriate workplace PA, and information on how to use the intervention software”. Mainsbridge, 2015 | Mainsbridge, 2015; Taylor WC, 2016, | |
Thøgersen-Ntoumani C,2020; Metcalfe RS, 2020 | ||
There is a positive correlation between the work organization's flexibility and/or stability and the employees'adherence High staff turnover negatively impacts retention and completion rate | Jørgensen MB, 2012; Andersen LL, 2013 Bale JM, 2015; Bredahl TVG, 2015; Morris AS, 2021; Tosta Maciel RRB, 2021 Althammer SE, 2023 | [152], [131], [150] |
Self-efficacy appeared to be a leading factor for adherence (self-efficacy is the belief that an individual has the ability to perform a task) | Hallam JS, 2004; Kaewthummanukul T, 2006; Dishman RK, 2010 | [114] |
Financial incentive programs did not improve adherence/PA outcomes | Hunter RF, 2013 Finkelstein EA, 2016; Murray JM, 2019, 2020 | [143] |
Financial incentive programs could improve adherence « Financial incentives do not necessarily diminish more internal forms of motivation when delivered as part of a complex multicomponent behavior change intervention» | Fernandez La Puente de Battre MD, 2020 | [192] |
Adherence/compliance at the RCT endpoint might be better in the control group | Fernandez La Puente de Battre MD, 2020; Raedeke TD, 2017 | [192], [144] |
Programs such as Work-HIIT, REHIT, which required very little time, space, or resources provide support for those programs to be trialled in other workplace settings | Mair JL, 2014, Metcalfe RS, 2020, Eather N, 2020; | [176], |
Most RCTs show a drop in adherence at the end of the intervention | Finkelstein EA, 2016 | [128] |
A low level of adherence could be explained by a lack of privacy, absences, rigidity of the schedules | Tudor-Locke C, 2014 | [193] |
• Positive Health Outcomes Factors | ||
Interventions should be implemented for at least 3 months, with a goal of at least 5 h per week | Stenner HT, 2020 | [169] |
Long-distance follow-up is necessary to sustain the positive effect | Morris AS, 2021 | [152] |
Health effects (blood pressure, body fat, respiratory capacity, well-being) are confirmed in supervised (tailored) and unsupervised studies based on social-cognitive theories | Mc Eachan RRC, 2011 Stenner HT, 2020 Metcalfe RS, 2020 Althammer SE, 2023 Higham SM, 2023 | [115], [169], [190], [150], [174] |
Expected effect size on health outcomes are medium to large according to high quality RCT results “Cardio-metabolic risk improved in the intervention group only with a large effect size (Cohen’s d = 0.36). Autonomous motivation increased in both conditions IG/CG. Step counts, standing, and sitting time, or well-being are improved on the IG with a low effect size”. Thøgersen-Ntoumani C, 2020 | SPAP: Nichols JF, 2000; Brand R, 2006; Jakobsen MD, 2015; Matsugaki, 2017; Hunter JR, 2018; Faes Y, 2018; Krebs S, 2019; Stenner HT, 2020 NSPAP: Mansi S, 2015; Mainsbridge, 2015; Carr LJ, 2016; Raedeke TD, 2017; Thøgersen-Ntoumani C, 2020 | [181], [169] [132] |
Supervised/Tailored RCT interventions during work significantly improve neck, scapular, elbow, wrist and/or musculoskeletal pain | Andersen LL, 2008; Zebis MK, 2011; Jørgensen MB, 2012; Andersen CH, 2012; Rasotto C, 2013; Gram B, 2014; Zebis MK, 2014; Dalager T, 2015; Jakobsen MB, 2015,2017; Murray M, 2017; Faes Y, 2018 | |
Non-supervised RCTs improve Return to Work after work muskuloskeletal disorders | Park J, 2018 | [153] |
Supervised/Tailored RCT interventions during work significantly improve low back pain | Keading T, 2017 Johnston V, 2019 Brandt T, 2024 | [178], [196], [180] |
Projects involving at least one hour of moderate-to-high-intensity physical activity per day within the company, combined with a leisure activity, seems the most balanced | Mansi S, 2015 | [67] |
Worksite interventions that include environmental supports like “activity-permissive workstations” are more effective than those that do not | Carr LJ, 2016 | [146] |
Wearable fitness trackers such as Fitbit and MapTrek can help improve performance initially, but there is a rapid decline in their effectiveness over time during the intervention | Gremaud AL, 2018 | [174] |
E-Health education programs for workers should include flexibility of content and low expectations regarding compliance with deadlines for participation in activities | Tosta Maciel RRB, 2021 | [131] |
E-Health education programs may be effective in improving office workers’ quality of life, PA, general health | Tosta Maciel RRB, 2021 | [131] |
Website non-usage/attrition predictors are: low perceived availability of PA in the workplace, financial incentive, low EuroQol Health index; Pedometer use predictors are: regulation, self-efficacy, perceived workplace environment safety | Murray JM, 2019,2020 | |
Motivational Interviewing Interventions could help Return To Work for claimants attending an occupational rehabilitation | Park J, 2018 | [153] |
Therefore, interventions should be part of a broader, long-term corporate and/or political project with or without direct supervision | Hunter JR, 2018; Tripodi D, 2025 | [137], BMC Public Health |