Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants by sarcopenia status in CHARLS 2015
Variables | Overall N = 8113 | Non- Sarcopenia N = 3591 | Possible Sarcopenia N = 3227 | Confirmed Sarcopenia N = 1295 | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender, Female | 4385 (54.0) | 1898 (52.9) | 1777 (55.1) | 710 (54.8) | 0.155 |
Age (y) | 61.3 (8.9) | 55.277 (6.360) | 64.810 (7.108) | 69.414 (7.921) | < 0.001 |
Height (cm) | 158.0 (8.5) | 159.671 (8.076) | 157.595 (8.152) | 154.383 (8.939) | < 0.001 |
Weight (kg) | 59.8 (11.4) | 62.032 (11.063) | 62.663 (9.680) | 46.513 (5.560) | < 0.001 |
BMI (kg/2) | 23.9 (3.8) | 24.275 (3.603) | 25.220 (3.378) | 19.517 (1.727) | < 0.001 |
Chronic Diseases (number) | < 0.001 | ||||
0 | 2442 (30.1) | 1351 (37.6) | 752 (23.3) | 339 (26.2) | |
1 | 2264 (27.9) | 1039 (28.9) | 869 (26.9) | 356 (27.5) | |
2 | 1663 (20.5) | 641 (17.9) | 721 (22.3) | 301 (23.2) | |
3 | 890 (11.0) | 315 (8.8) | 431 (13.4) | 144 (11.1) | |
≥ 4 | 854 (10.5) | 245 (6.8) | 454 (14.1) | 155 (12.0) | |
Hypertension, Yes | 1977 (24.4) | 651 (18.1) | 1063 (32.9) | 263 (20.3) | < 0.001 |
Dyslipidaemia, Yes | 854 (10.5) | 329 (9.2) | 456 (14.1) | 69 (5.3) | < 0.001 |
Diabetes or High Blood Sugar, Yes | 495 (6.1) | 175 (4.9) | 259 (8.0) | 61 (4.7) | < 0.001 |
Cancer, Yes | 88 (1.1) | 36 (1.0) | 33 (1.0) | 19 (1.5) | 0.349 |
Lung Diseases, Yes | 911 (11.2) | 304 (8.5) | 391 (12.1) | 216 (16.7) | < 0.001 |
Liver Disease, Yes | 391 (4.8) | 156 (4.3) | 169 (5.2) | 66 (5.1) | 0.201 |
Heart Attack, Yes | 1015 (12.5) | 325 (9.1) | 536 (16.6) | 154 (11.9) | < 0.001 |
Stroke, Yes | 150 (1.8) | 37 (1.0) | 84 (2.6) | 29 (2.2) | < 0.001 |
Kidney Disease, Yes | 587 (7.2) | 212 (5.9) | 273 (8.5) | 102 (7.9) | < 0.001 |
Stomach, Yes | 2163 (26.7) | 889 (24.8) | 850 (26.3) | 424 (32.7) | < 0.001 |
Psychiatric Problems, Yes | 100 (1.2) | 30 (0.8) | 47 (1.5) | 23 (1.8) | 0.01 |
Memory-related Disease, Yes | 104 (1.3) | 16 (0.4) | 63 (2.0) | 25 (1.9) | < 0.001 |
Arthritis or Rheumatism, Yes | 3109 (38.3) | 1141 (31.8) | 1390 (43.1) | 578 (44.6) | < 0.001 |
Asthma, Yes | 334 (4.1) | 92 (2.6) | 154 (4.8) | 88 (6.8) | < 0.001 |
Physical Disabilities, No | 7879 (97.1) | 3507 (97.7) | 3116 (96.6) | 1256 (97.0) | 0.024 |
Body Pains Present | < 0.001 | ||||
Neck | 834 (10.3) | 295 (8.2) | 382 (11.8) | 157 (12.1) | < 0.001 |
Back | 928 (11.4) | 317 (8.8) | 416 (12.9) | 195 (15.1) | < 0.001 |
Waist | 1683 (20.7) | 589 (16.4) | 757 (23.5) | 337 (26.0) | < 0.001 |
Buttocks | 834 (10.3) | 166 (4.6) | 231 (7.2) | 106 (8.2) | < 0.001 |
Treatment for Pain, No | 616 (24.9) | 234 (26.1) | 260 (23.9) | 122 (25.1) | 0.525 |
Sleeping Time | < 0.001 | ||||
≤ 5 | 2400 (29.6) | 904 (25.2) | 1012 (31.4) | 484 (37.4) | |
6 ~ 9 | 5312 (65.5) | 2541 (70.8) | 2038 (63.2) | 733 (56.6) | |
≥ 10 | 401 (4.9) | 146 (4.1) | 177 (5.5) | 78 (6.0) | |
Smoke, No | 4634 (57.1) | 2096 (58.4) | 1862 (57.7) | 676 (52.2) | < 0.001 |
Drink, No | 5340 (65.8) | 2229 (62.1) | 2221 (68.8) | 890 (68.7) | < 0.001 |
Residence, Rural | 6252 (77.1) | 2705 (75.3) | 2428 (75.2) | 1119 (86.4) | < 0.001 |
Martial Status, Divorced, and Others | 980 (12.1) | 204 (5.7) | 497 (15.4) | 279 (21.5) | < 0.001 |
Education | < 0.001 | ||||
Illiterate | 2052 (25.3) | 558 (15.5) | 988 (30.6) | 506 (39.1) | |
Primary school and less | 2655 (32.7) | 1706 (47.5) | 768 (23.8) | 181 (14.0) | |
Middle school and higher | 3406 (42.0) | 1327 (37.0) | 1471 (45.6) | 608 (46.9) | |
Depression, Yes | 1140 (14.1) | 397 (11.1) | 505 (15.6) | 238 (18.4) | < 0.001 |
ADL, Disability | 385 (4.7) | 65 (1.8) | 213 (6.6) | 107 (8.3) | < 0.001 |
IADL, Disability | 1525 (18.8) | 310 (8.6) | 794 (24.6) | 421 (32.5) | < 0.001 |
History of Fall, No | 6717 (82.8) | 3111 (86.6) | 2578 (79.9) | 1028 (79.4) | < 0.001 |
Physical Activity, No | 483 (11.9) | 187 (10.3) | 198 (12.2) | 98 (15.7) | 0.001 |
Social Activity, No | 3686 (45.4) | 1447 (40.3) | 1541 (47.8) | 698 (53.9) | < 0.001 |
Insurance, No | 746 (9.2) | 309 (8.6) | 289 (9.0) | 148 (11.4) | 0.009 |
Work Status | < 0.001 | ||||
Currently Not Working | 2163 (26.7) | 596 (16.6) | 1115 (34.6) | 452 (34.9) | |
Never Worked | 56 (0.7) | 17 (0.5) | 33 (1.0) | 6 (0.5) | |
Working | 5894 (72.6) | 2978 (82.9) | 2079 (64.4) | 837 (64.6) | |
Income, CNY | < 0.001 | ||||
≤ 1000 | 620 (20.7) | 139 (9.9) | 310 (28.3) | 171 (34.8) | |
1000 ~ 5000 | 612 (20.5) | 204 (14.5) | 263 (24.0) | 145 (29.5) | |
5000 ~ 10,000 | 455 (15.2) | 245 (17.4) | 150 (13.7) | 60 (12.2) | |
10,000 ~ 20,000 | 580 (19.4) | 316 (22.5) | 192 (17.6) | 72 (14.6) | |
>20,000 | 724 (24.2) | 501 (35.7) | 179 (16.4) | 44 (8.9) | |
Health Status | < 0.001 | ||||
Very good | 924 (11.4) | 492 (13.7) | 337 (10.4) | 95 (7.3) | |
Good | 887 (10.9) | 433 (12.1) | 339 (10.5) | 115 (8.9) | |
Fair | 4275 (52.7) | 1998 (55.6) | 1619 (50.2) | 658 (50.8) | |
Poor | 2027 (25.0) | 668 (18.6) | 932 (28.9) | 427 (33.0) | |
Child Health Condition | < 0.001 | ||||
Excellent | 884 (10.9) | 405 (11.3) | 355 (11.0) | 124 (9.6) | |
Very good | 3258 (40.2) | 1526 (42.5) | 1301 (40.3) | 431 (33.3) | |
Good | 1571 (19.4) | 697 (19.4) | 608 (18.8) | 266 (20.5) | |
Fair | 1865 (23.0) | 781 (21.7) | 736 (22.8) | 348 (26.9) | |
Poor | 535 (6.6) | 182 (5.1) | 227 (7.0) | 126 (9.7) | |
Health Satisfaction | < 0.001 | ||||
Very satisfied | 2061 (25.4) | 874 (24.3) | 822 (25.5) | 365 (28.2) | |
Somewhat satisfied | 4006 (49.4) | 1881 (52.4) | 1544 (47.8) | 581 (44.9) | |
Not very satisfied | 2046 (25.2) | 836 (23.3) | 861 (26.7) | 349 (26.9) | |
Life Satisfaction | 0.06 | ||||
Completely satisfied | 507 (6.2) | 208 (5.8) | 201 (6.2) | 98 (7.6) | |
Very satisfied | 3018 (37.2) | 1347 (37.5) | 1208 (37.4) | 463 (35.8) | |
Somewhat satisfied | 3957 (48.8) | 1753 (48.8) | 1577 (48.9) | 627 (48.4) | |
Not very satisfied | 501 (6.2) | 238 (6.6) | 186 (5.8) | 77 (5.9) | |
Not at all satisfied | 130 (1.6) | 45 (1.3) | 55 (1.7) | 30 (2.3) | |
Satisfaction Health Care | < 0.001 | ||||
Very satisfied | 1348 (16.6) | 487 (13.6) | 581 (18.0) | 280 (21.6) | |
Somewhat satisfied | 2028 (25.0) | 821 (22.9) | 853 (26.4) | 354 (27.3) | |
Neutral | 3177 (39.2) | 1555 (43.3) | 1170 (36.3) | 452 (34.9) | |
Somewhat dissatisfied | 1003 (12.4) | 482 (13.4) | 393 (12.2) | 128 (9.9) | |
Very dissatisfied | 557 (6.9) | 246 (6.9) | 230 (7.1) | 81 (6.3) | |
Area | < 0.001 | ||||
Central China | 1356 (16.7) | 652 (18.2) | 494 (15.3) | 210 (16.2) | |
East China | 2574 (31.7) | 1124 (31.3) | 1043 (32.3) | 407 (31.4) | |
North China | 978 (12.1) | 441 (12.3) | 443 (13.7) | 94 (7.3) | |
Northeast | 581 (7.2) | 255 (7.1) | 257 (8.0) | 69 (5.3) | |
Northwest | 658 (8.1) | 270 (7.5) | 291 (9.0) | 97 (7.5) | |
South China | 615 (7.6) | 295 (8.2) | 198 (6.1) | 122 (9.4) | |
Southwest | 1351 (16.7) | 554 (15.4) | 501 (15.5) | 296 (22.9) | |
Handgrip (kg) | 29.4 (9.9) | 33.432 (8.767) | 27.198 (9.583) | 23.687 (8.890) | < 0.001 |
Walking Speed (s) | 1.5 (8.5) | 5.775 (21.565) | 0.843 (2.903) | 0.817 (3.575) | < 0.001 |
Stand-up Test (s) | 9.2 (3.8) | 7.823 (2.087) | 10.297 (4.310) | 10.352 (4.768) | < 0.001 |
Waist Circumference (cm) | 85.3 (13.8) | 85.893 (12.886) | 89.088 (12.828) | 73.990 (12.327) | < 0.001 |
ASM/Ht2 | 6.8 (1.6) | 6.988 (1.090) | 6.992 (1.956) | 5.716 (0.960) | < 0.001 |
C-Reactive Protein (mg/l) | 2.6 (5.3) | 2.259 (4.688) | 2.781 (4.675) | 3.076 (7.775) | < 0.001 |
Haemoglobin (g/dl) | 13.5 (2.4) | 13.732 (2.372) | 13.666 (2.251) | 12.707 (2.766) | < 0.001 |