The sequential association between school bullying and oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) in Chinese children and adolescents

Table 2 Crude and adjusted associations between bullying involvement and OHRQoL

Variables	Univariate model Crude OR (95% CI)	Multivariate model Adjusted OR (95% CI)
Age + 1 year	1.23 (1.19–1.27)^***	1.09 (1.01–1.19)^*
Gender: Girl (Ref: Boys)	2.39 (2.15–2.68)^***	1.95 (1.72–2.20)^***
Ethnicity: Minorities (Ref: Han majority)	1.29 (1.15–1.44)^***	1.14 (0.99–1.30)
Grade (Ref: Primary school)
Junior high school	2.18 (1.87–2.54)^***	1.29 (0.99–1.69)
Senior high school	3.50 (2.92–4.21)^***	1.29 (0.81–2.04)
Only child: Yes (Ref: No)	0.87 (0.77–0.99)^*	0.89 (0.77–1.02)
Boarding students: Yes (Ref: No)	1.69 (1.52–1.89)^***	1.33 (1.15–1.54)^***
Left-behind children: Yes (Ref: No)	1.12 (0.93–1.36)
Family income: Unstable (Ref: Stable)	1.44 (1.11–1.87)^**	1.24 (0.94–1.66)
Parents’ marriage status: Other (Ref: In marriage)	1.17 (1.02–1.34)^*	0.96 (0.82–1.11)
Depression: Yes (Ref: No)	4.24 (3.78–4.78)^***	2.40 (2.07–2.79)^***
Anxiety: Yes (Ref: No)	4.28 (3.71–4.95)^***	1.82 (1.52–2.18)^***
Bullying involvement: Yes (Ref: Uninvolved)	2.12 (1.83–2.48)^***	1.77 (1.50–2.11)^***
Role of bullying (Ref: Uninvolved)
Victims	2.16 (1.83–2.56)^***
Bullies	1.37 (0.82–2.32)
Bully-victims	2.46 (1.64–3.77)^***
Type of victimization (Ref: Non-involved)
Physical	0.46 (0.10–1.67)
Verbal	2.35 (1.89–2.95)^***
Relational	1.15 (0.71–1.88)
Cyber	2.44 (0.79-9.00)
Multiple	2.44 (1.84–3.25)^***

ISSN: 1471-2458