Disparities in cigarette smoking and the health of marginalized populations in the U.S.: a simulation analysis

BMC Public Health

Table 2 Model-projected life expectancy for 40-year-old people by gender, smoking status, and subpopulation

	Women			Men
	Current smoking, LE, years	Never smoking, LE, years	LE loss associated with lifelong smoking, years	Current smoking, LE, years	Never smoking, LE, years	LE loss associated with lifelong smoking, years
Low SES	70.3	80.4	10.1	67.7	76.3	8.6
Higher SES	77.9	86.4	8.5	74.1	81.7	7.6
LE loss associated with low SES, years	7.6	6.0		6.4	5.4
SPD	68.6	78.3	9.7	65.0	73.3	8.3
Non-SPD	75.9	84.7	8.8	73.0	80.8	7.8
LE loss associated with SPD, years	7.3	6.4		8.0	7.5

Abbreviations: LE, life expectancy. SES, socioeconomic status. SPD, serious psychological distress
The individuals in each model simulation are homogenous by initial age (40 years), subpopulation, gender, and smoking status. In these simulations, we assumed no changes in smoking status over time, such that “current smoking” means continued smoking until death and “never smoking” means never initiating smoking. Similarly, SES and SPD were assumed unchanged from age 40 years through death
Low SES was defined as having income < 100% of the federal poverty level, or having less than a high school education, or being a Medicaid beneficiary. SPD was defined as having a score of 13 or higher on the Kessler-6 scale

ISSN: 1471-2458