Table 1 Characteristics of study participants by level of education during early, middle and late adulthood
From: Mediators of educational differences in dementia risk later in life: evidence from the HUNT study
| Â | Early adulthood | Middle adulthood | Late adulthood | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Educational status | Total | Educational status | Total | Educational status | ||||
High | Low | High | Low | High | Low | ||||
(N = 4712) | (N = 2239) | (N = 2473) | (N = 7713) | (N = 3281) | (N = 4432) | (N = 7655) | (N = 3191) | (N = 4464) | |
N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | |
Dementia status | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 4398 (93) | 2138 (95) | 2260 (91) | 6685 (87) | 3001 (91) | 3684 (83) | 6496 (85) | 2885 (90) | 3611 (81) |
 Yes | 314 (7) | 101 (5) | 213 (9%) | 1028 (13) | 280 (9) | 748 (17) | 1159 (15) | 306 (10) | 853 (19) |
Sex | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Male | 2528 (54) | 1092 (49) | 1436 (58) | 4278 (55) | 1536 (47) | 2742 (62) | 4268 (56) | 1478 (46) | 2790 (62.) |
 Female | 2184 (46) | 1147 (51) | 1037 (42) | 3435 (45) | 1745 (53) | 1690 (38) | 3387 (44) | 1713 (54) | 1674 (38) |
ApoE4 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 No e4 | 3257 (69) | 1543 (69) | 1714 (69) | 5390 (70) | 2276 (69) | 3114 (70) | 5370 (70) | 2220 (70) | 3150 (71) |
 One e4 | 1307 (28) | 626 (28) | 681 (28) | 2119 (27) | 918 (28) | 1201 (27) | 2092 (27) | 892 (28) | 1200 (27) |
 Two e4 | 148 (3) | 70 (3) | 78 (3) | 204 (3) | 87 (3) | 117 (3) | 193 (3) | 79 (2) | 114 (2) |
Year of birth | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Born 1940 or before | 389 (8) | 157 (7) | 232 (9) | 3385 (44) | 1195 (36) | 2190 (49) | 3618 (47) | 1250 (39) | 2368 (53) |
 Born after 1940 | 4323 (92) | 2082 (93) | 2241 (91) | 4328 (56) | 2086 (64) | 2242 (51) | 4037 (53) | 1941 (61) | 2096 (47) |
Height | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Mean (SD) | 170 ± 9 | 170 ± 9 | 170 ± 9 | 170 ± 9 | 170 ± 9 | 170 ± 9 | 170 ± 9 | 172 ± 9 | 169 ± 9 |
Hypertension | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 3489 (74) | 1698 (76) | 1791 (72) | 5909 (77) | 2643 (81) | 3266 (74) | 6288 (82) | 2720 (85) | 3568 (80) |
 Yes | 1223 (26) | 541 (24) | 682 (28) | 1804 (23) | 638 (19) | 1166 (26) | 1367 (18) | 471 (15) | 896 (20) |
Daily smoking | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Never smoked | 1998 (42) | 1078 (48) | 920 (37) | 3639 (47) | 1668 (51) | 1971 (44) | 3732 (49) | 1663 (52) | 2069 (46) |
 Daily smoked before | 1401 (30) | 653 (29) | 748 (30) | 2826 (37) | 1202 (37) | 1624 (37) | 3114 (41) | 1270 (40) | 1844 (41) |
 Daily smoker | 1313 (28) | 508 (23) | 805 (33) | 1248 (16) | 411 (13) | 837 (19) | 809 (11) | 258 (8) | 551 (12) |
Obesity | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 4461 (95) | 2153 (96) | 2308 (93) | 7248 (94) | 3140 (96) | 4108 (93) | 7418 (97) | 3120 (98) | 4298 (96) |
 Yes | 251 (5) | 86 (4) | 165 (7) | 465 (6) | 141 (4) | 324 (7) | 237 (3) | 71 (2) | 166 (3) |
Physical inactivity | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 2603 (55) | 1375 (61) | 1228 (50) | 5464 (71) | 2575 (78) | 2889 (65) | 6022 (79) | 2696 (85) | 3326 (74) |
 Yes | 2109 (45) | 864 (39) | 1245 (50) | 2249 (29) | 706 (22) | 1543 (35) | 1633 (21) | 495 (15) | 1138 (25) |
Diabetes | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 4612 (98) | 2197 (98) | 2415 (98) | 7515 (97) | 3195 (97) | 4320 (97) | 7570 (99) | 3153 (99) | 4417 (99) |
 Yes | 100 (2) | 42 (2) | 58 (2) | 198 (3) | 86 (3) | 112 (3) | 85 (1) | 38 (1) | 47 (1) |
Hearing impairment | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 4576 (97) | 2186 (98) | 2390 (97) | 7476 (97) | 3205 (98) | 4271 (96) | 7477 (98) | 3141 (98) | 4336 (97) |
 Yes | 136 (3) | 53 (2) | 83 (3) | 237 (3) | 76 (2) | 161 (4) | 178 (2.3) | 50 (1) | 128 (3) |
Cardiovascular diseases | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 4583 (97) | 2197 (98) | 2386 (96) | 7345 (95) | 3169 (97) | 4176 (94) | 7245 (95) | 3068 (96) | 4177 (94) |
 Yes | 129 (3) | 42 (2) | 87 (4) | 368 (5) | 112 (3) | 256 (6 is) | 410 (5) | 123 (3) | 287 (6) |
RTI score | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 1st quartile | 1293 (27) | 895 (40) | 398 (16) | 1548 (20) | 1180 (36) | 368 (8) | - | - | - |
 2nd quartile | 866 (18) | 573 (26) | 293 (12) | 1951 (25) | 841 (26) | 1110 (25) |  |  |  |
 3rd quartile | 966 (21) | 337 (15) | 629 (25) | 1154 (15) | 383 (12) | 771 (17) | - | - | - |
 4th quartile | 1030 (22) | 257 (11) | 773 (31) | 1553 (20) | 420 (13) | 1133 (26) |  |  |  |
Missing/not working | 557 (12) | 177 (8) | 380 (15) | 1507 (20) | 457 (14) | 1050 (24) | - | - | - |
LDL level | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Mean (± SD) | 150 ± 33 | 150 ± 32 | 150 ± 33 | 150 ± 33 | 150 ± 32 | 150 ± 34 | 150 ± 33.6 | 146 ± 32 | 153 ± 34 |
Depression and anxiety symptoms | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
 Mean (SD) | 8 ± 5 | 7 ± 5 | 8 ± 5 | 8 ± 5 | 7 ± 5 | 8 ± 5 | 8 ± 5 | 7 ± 5 | 8 ± 5 |