Joint effects of physical activity and sleep quality on all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in stroke survivors: a population-based cohort study from the UK-Biobank

Table 2 The independent (and mutually adjusted) associations of physical activity and sleep scores with mortality ^a

	Number of cases	Number of total	Person-years	Incidence density (1000 person-year)	Model 1	Model 2
All-cause Mortality
Sleep Scores (categorical)
Poor/Intermediate	571	2,970	35,582.15	16.04	Ref.	Ref.
Healthy	399	2,537	30,693.77	12.99	0.791 (0.696, 0.899)^*	0.873 (0.767, 0.995)^*
Sleep Scores (continuous)					0.896 (0.846, 0.949)^*	0.949 (0.895, 0.999)^*
Physical Activity (categorical)
Not recommended MVPA	576	2,849	34,090.27	16.90	Ref.	Ref.
Recommended MVPA	394	2,658	32,185.64	12.24	0.683 (0.601, 0.776)^*	0.729 (0.640, 0.831)^*
Physical Activity (continuous)					0.998 (0.998, 0.999)^*	0.999 (0.999, 1.000)^*
CVD Mortality
Sleep Scores (categorical)
Poor/Intermediate	175	2,970	35,582.15	4.92	Ref.	Ref.
Healthy	142	2,537	30,693.77	4.62	0.916 (0.734, 1.143)	0.998 (0.802, 1.260)
Sleep Scores (continuous)					0.929 (0.840, 1.028)	0.985 (0.888, 1.095)
Physical Activity (categorical)
Not recommended MVPA	181	2,849	34,090.27	5.31	Ref.	Ref.
Recommended MVPA	136	2,658	32,185.64	4.22	0.747 (0.598, 0.934)^*	0.786 (0.627, 0.986)^*
Physical Activity (continuous)					0.998 (0.998, 0.999)^*	0.999 (0.999, 1.000)^*

^a Physical activity were categorization based on public health guidelines: Recommended MVPA (≥ 150 min of MPA, or ≥ 75 min of VPA, or equivalent combinations of both throughout the week); Not recommended MVPA. Sleep scores were categorized into: poor/intermediate, 0 ~ 3; healthy, 4 ~ 5. Model1: Adjusted for age and sex; Model2: Further adjusted for BMI, mental health issue, employment, smoking status, drinking, sedentary behaviour, alone, hypertension, diabetes and mutually adjusted for sleep scores or physical activity levels as appropriate. ^*: p < 0.05

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