Table 4 Weighted logistic regression analysis on the association between DII (quartile) and chronic diseases. NHANES 1999–2018

Chronic diseases (any)

Crude

ref

1.22(1.04,1.43)

0.01

1.25(1.05,1.48)

0.01

1.61(1.34,1.94)

< 0.0001

Model 1

ref

1.21(1.04,1.43)

0.02

1.23(1.03,1.47)

0.02

1.59(1.32,1.93)

< 0.0001

Model 2

ref

1.06(0.88,1.26)

0.56

1.00(0.83,1.20)

0.99

1.19(0.97,1.46)

0.10

COPD

Crude

ref

1.03(0.80,1.33)

0.82

1.24(0.95,1.62)

0.11

1.26(1.01,1.56)

0.04

Model 1

ref

1.06(0.82,1.36)

0.67

1.32(1.02,1.72)

0.04

1.36(1.09,1.69)

0.01

Model 2

ref

0.96(0.72, 1.27)

0.76

1.08(0.79, 1.48)

0.62

1.12(0.87, 1.44)

0.38

CVD

Crude

ref

1.15(1.00,1.33)

0.05

1.21(1.06,1.38)

0.004

1.50(1.31,1.71)

< 0.0001

Model 1

ref

1.19(1.03,1.38)

0.02

1.31(1.14,1.49)

< 0.0001

1.66(1.44,1.92)

< 0.0001

Model 2

ref

1.08(0.93,1.26)

0.31

1.10(0.95,1.28)

0.21

1.28(1.09,1.51)

0.003

Diabetes

Crude

ref

1.21(1.07,1.37)

0.002

1.28(1.11,1.48)

< 0.001

1.57(1.38,1.79)

< 0.0001

Model 1

ref

1.24(1.10,1.40)

< 0.001

1.36(1.18,1.56)

< 0.0001

1.69(1.48,1.93)

< 0.0001

Model 2

ref

1.05(0.91,1.21)

0.48

1.05(0.89,1.23)

0.58

1.17(1.01,1.36)

0.04

Hypertension

Crude

ref

1.21(1.07,1.38)

0.003

1.29(1.13,1.47)

< 0.001

1.62(1.43,1.84)

< 0.0001

Model 1

ref

1.18(1.04,1.34)

0.01

1.21(1.06,1.39)

0.01

1.51(1.33,1.72)

< 0.0001

Model 2

ref

1.08(0.94,1.25)

0.28

1.02(0.88,1.18)

0.82

1.19(1.01,1.39)

0.04

Cancer

Crude

ref

0.93(0.81,1.07)

0.29

0.90(0.77,1.04)

0.14

0.80(0.71,0.91)

< 0.001

Model 1

ref

0.92(0.80,1.06)

0.24

0.89(0.76,1.03)

0.12

0.79(0.70,0.90)

< 0.001

Model 2

ref

0.92(0.79,1.07)

0.30

0.92(0.77,1.09)

0.32

0.92(0.78,1.07)

0.27