Table 1 Characteristics of participants stratified by dietary inflammatory index quartile. NHANES 1999–2018

Number(n)

16,512

4128

4130

4126

4128

DII

1.48 ± 0.03

-0.93 ± 0.02

1.20 ± 0.01

2.48 ± 0.01

3.69 ± 0.01

< 0.0001

Age

70.09 ± 0.10

69.60 ± 0.16

69.99 ± 0.14

70.34 ± 0.17

70.52 ± 0.16

< 0.0001

PIR

2.97 ± 0.04

3.42 ± 0.05

3.04 ± 0.04

2.78 ± 0.05

2.53 ± 0.04

< 0.0001

Chronic diseases(n)

1.51 ± 0.01

1.40 ± 0.02

1.49 ± 0.03

1.53 ± 0.02

1.64 ± 0.02

< 0.0001

BMI

28.95 ± 0.08

28.06 ± 0.13

29.09 ± 0.13

29.16 ± 0.14

29.70 ± 0.15

< 0.0001

WC

102.03 ± 0.20

100.87 ± 0.37

102.57 ± 0.33

102.04 ± 0.36

102.86 ± 0.35

< 0.001

WBC

7.12 ± 0.03

6.90 ± 0.07

7.02 ± 0.04

7.21 ± 0.05

7.43 ± 0.06

< 0.0001

Neutrophil%

59.47 ± 0.10

59.24 ± 0.19

59.71 ± 0.20

59.31 ± 0.21

59.66 ± 0.20

0.22

Neutrophils

4.26 ± 0.02

4.08 ± 0.03

4.23 ± 0.03

4.31 ± 0.04

4.45 ± 0.04

< 0.0001

CRP

0.49 ± 0.01

0.41 ± 0.02

0.46 ± 0.02

0.52 ± 0.02

0.61 ± 0.02

< 0.0001

Sex

< 0.0001

Female

8311(50.33)

1667(44.27)

1913(51.38)

2261(61.67)

2470(65.94)

Male

8201(49.67)

2461(55.73)

2217(48.62)

1865(38.33)

1658(34.06)

Ethnicity

< 0.0001

Mexican American

2440(14.78)

578(3.27)

606(3.62)

631(3.87)

625(4.50)

Non-Hispanic Black

3259(19.74)

620(5.69)

728(7.33)

863(9.24)

1048(12.49)

Non-Hispanic White

8617(52.19)

2355(83.28)

2263(80.78)

2099(78.70)

1900(74.11)

Other Hispanic

1243(7.53)

265(2.60)

298(3.37)

327(3.88)

353(4.48)

Other Race - Including Multi-Racial

953(5.77)

310(5.15)

235(4.90)

206(4.31)

202(4.42)

Citizenship

0.12

Citizen by birth or naturalization

15,340(93.01)

3849(97.44)

3833(97.03)

3803(96.59)

3855(96.99)

Not a citizen of the US

1153(6.99)

276(2.56)

294(2.97)

319(3.41)

264(3.01)

Marital status

< 0.0001

Divorced or separated

2405(14.7)

541(11.19)

575(11.83)

631(14.17)

658(14.21)

Married or living with partner

9513(58.15)

2661(70.22)

2477(65.88)

2259(58.60)

2116(56.50)

Single

756(4.62)

176(3.27)

170(3.18)

180(3.70)

230(4.23)

Widowed

3686(22.53)

714(15.32)

867(19.11)

1009(23.53)

1096(25.06)

AHI

< 0.0001

<$65,000

12,691(80.79)

2866(62.31)

3137(71.67)

3326(77.54)

3362(80.90)

>=$65,000

3017(19.21)

1079(37.69)

787(28.33)

619(22.46)

532(19.10)

Education

< 0.0001

College and above

6969(42.31)

2232(64.09)

1877(55.01)

1500(44.58)

1360(41.65)

Middle and high school

6397(38.83)

1351(30.20)

1520(36.25)

1753(44.48)

1773(44.11)

Primary school and less

3107(18.86)

539(5.71)

719(8.75)

865(10.94)

984(14.24)

COPD

1294(7.84)

302(7.66)

294(7.87)

329(9.34)

369(9.44)

0.11

CVD

4146(25.11)

901(20.83)

1013(23.28)

1031(24.14)

1201(28.24)

< 0.0001

DM

5185(31.4)

1135(22.34)

1290(25.88)

1320(26.98)

1440(31.15)

< 0.0001

Hypertension

11,734(71.06)

2777(63.39)

2875(67.71)

2966(69.05)

3116(73.74)

< 0.0001

Cancer

3309(20.04)

921(25.51)

850(24.14)

790(23.48)

748(21.56)

0.03

Smoking status

< 0.0001

Never

7928(48.07)

1969(48.38)

1970(48.39)

1982(48.18)

2007(48.93)

Ever

6493(39.37)

1786(44.31)

1701(41.68)

1553(38.17)

1453(35.61)

Current

2070(12.55)

367(7.30)

457(9.93)

586(13.65)

660(15.46)

Alcohol consumption

< 0.0001

Never

2767(18.15)

542(11.59)

641(14.64)

723(17.21)

861(21.56)

Ever

4205(27.58)

873(18.75)

962(21.66)

1165(26.52)

1205(28.30)

Current

8276(54.28)

2445(69.67)

2224(63.70)

1946(56.27)

1661(50.15)

Chronic diseases^a

14,051(85.1)

3442(80.03)

3473(83.03)

3525(83.31)

3611(86.57)

< 0.0001