Fig. 1

Obesity prevalence among people who were 18 years and older from 2012 to 2020 in treated cities (i.e., implemented the tax policy) and their corresponding synthetic controls (i.e., counterfactual, average obesity prevalence in treated cities had they not been treated). Shaded areas represent the periods after the soda tax was implemented. The soda tax was implemented on 1/1/2015 in Berkeley, 4/1/2017 in Albany, 7/1/2017 in Oakland, and 1/1/2018 in San Francisco. Solid circles and lines represented obesity prevalence in SSB tax cities, hollow circles and dashed lines represented obesity prevalence in synthetic control cities