Renewable energy reduces domestic depression but increases depression for neighboring countries: evidence of spatial effects from 181 countries worldwide

Table 1 Descriptive statistics for each variable

Variables	Definition	Unit	Obs	Mean	Std. Dev.	Min	Max
DALYs	Disability-adjusted life years	100,000 year	5430	2.129	7.622	0.0004	87.295
ASDR	Age-standardized Disability-adjusted life years rate	year per 100,000 people	5430	662.751	193.181	254.273	1486.692
Prevalence	Number of people suffering from depression	100,000 people	5430	12.699	46.774	0.003	520.053
ASPR	Age-standardized Prevalence rate	people per 100,000 people	5430	3882.548	999.628	1605.277	8146.385
Renewable energy	Ratio of renewable energy in total energy consumption	-	5430	0.118	0.136	0	0.816
CO₂ emissions	Total CO₂ emissions	Metric ton	5430	154.413	685.309	0	10,721.04
NO₂ exposure	NO₂ content in the air	ppb	5430	5.422	3.804	0.232	22.515
Ambient PM exposure	Particulate matter content in the air	ug/m³	5430	26.967	15.989	5.127	107.145
Green space	The ratio of forest area to land area	-	5430	0.345	0.243	0.0001	0.986
PGDP	Gross domestic product per capita	constant 10,000 LCU	5430	192.608	1164.533	0.023	17,681.779
RIAV	Ratio of industrial added value to GDP	-	5430	0.268	0.122	0.024	0.860
TP	Total population	10,000 people	5430	3550.818	13,199.480	0.918	141,000
HW	Health workers	people per 10,000 people	5430	120.118	129.955	6.138	696.085
SDI	Socio-demographic index	-	5430	0.558	0.191	0.073	0.929

To avoid heteroscedasticity, we take logarithmic treatment of DALYs, ASDR, Prevalence, ASPR, CO₂ emissions, NO₂ exposure, ambient PM exposure, PGDP, TP and HW in subsequent empirical analysis

ISSN: 1471-2458