The prevalence and determinants of physical activity in secondary Vietnamese students: a hierarchical analysis

Truong, Tram T. N.; Huynh, Son Trung; Nguyen, Vinh Nhu; Le Pham, An

doi:10.1186/s12889-025-22308-z

BMC Public Health

Table 3 Hierarchical regression to identify predictors of log mean PAQ-C score for boys and girls

From: The prevalence and determinants of physical activity in secondary Vietnamese students: a hierarchical analysis

Variables	Total, n = 475							Boys, n = 241							Girls, n = 234
Variables	b	SE (b)	β	t	95% CI	R²	aR²	b	SE (b)	β	t	95% CI	R²	aR²	b	SE (b)	β	t	95% CI	R²	aR²
Step 1
Age	0.065	0.043	0.067	1.50	-0.20, 0.15	0.072	0.068	0.086	0.059	0.088	1.47	-0.03, 0.20	0.147	0.140	0.030	0.062	0.031	0.47	-0.09, 0.15	0.024	0.016
BMI	-0.026	0.004	-0.258	-5.82***	-0.03, -0.02			-0.036	0.006	-0.371	-6.20***	-0.05, -0.02			-0.016	0.007	-0.150	-2.31*	-0.03, -0.00
Step 2
Age	0.031	0.026	0.032	1.19	-0.02, 0.08	0.659	0.654	0.046	0.037	0.048	1.25	-0.03, 0.12	0.670	0.660	0.008	0.037	0.008	0.21	-0.07, 0.08	0.668	0.657
BMI	-0.004	0.003	-0.044	-1.57	-0.01, 0.01			-0.011	0.004	-0.111	-2.77**	-0.02, -0.00			0.001	0.004	0.007	0.17	-0.01, 0.01
PA self-efficacy	0.119	0.019	0.325	6.24***	0.08, 0.16			0.111	0.028	0.311	3.92***	0.06, 0.17			0.134	0.026	0.360	5.23***	0.08, 0.18
Beliefs in PA outcome	0.040	0.018	0.125	2.18*	0,00, 0.08			0.067	0.026	0.214	2.56*	0.02, 0.12			0.011	0.025	0.035	0.45	-0.04, 0.06
Enjoyment of PA	0.022	0.017	0.072	1.29	-0.01, 0.06			-0.009	0.025	-0.029	-0.34	-0.06, 0.04			0.053	0.023	0.170	2.30*	0.01, 0.10
Family influence on PA	0.076	0.012	0.264	6.09***	0.05, 0.10			0.072	0.018	0.250	3.91***	0.04, 0.11			0.070	0.017	0.247	4.16***	0.04, 0.10
Teacher influence on PA	0.037	0.014	0.105	2.54*	0.01, 0.07			0.035	0.021	0.101	1.67	-0.01, 0.08			0.042	0.020	0.119	2.10*	0.00, 0.08
Step 3
Age	0.031	0.026	0.032	1.20	-0.02, 0.08	0.684	0.676	0.049	0.037	0.051	1.32	-0.02, 0.12	0.689	0.673	0.010	0.036	0.011	0.28	-0.06, 0.08	0.696	0.679
BMI	-0.003	0.003	-0.026	-0.93	-0.01, 0.00			-0.008	0.004	-0.085	-2.12*	-0.02, -0.00			0.002	0.004	0.018	0.46	-0.01, 0.01
PA self-efficacy	0.097	0.019	0.265	5.12***	0.06, 0.13			0.103	0.028	0.289	3.67***	0.05, 0.16			0.100	0.026	0.271	3.82***	0.05, 0.15
Beliefs in PA outcome	0.035	0.018	0.109	1.96*	-0.01, 0.07			0.053	0.026	0.169	2.01*	0.00, 0.11			0.014	0.025	0.043	0.57	-0.03, 0.06
Enjoyment of PA	0.020	0.017	0.064	1.18	-0.01, 0.05			-0.006	0.025	-0.019	-0.23	-0.05, 0.04			0.048	0.023	0.154	2.10*	0.00, 0.09
Family influence on PA	0.063	0.012	0.221	5.15***	0.04, 0.09			0.063	0.018	0.217	3.40**	0.03, 0.10			0.057	0.017	0.201	3.43**	0.02, 0.09
Teacher influence on PA	0.038	0.014	0.108	2.68**	0.01, 0.07			0.030	0.021	0.088	1.47	-0.01, 0.07			0.048	0.020	0.135	2.43*	0.01, 0.09
Small screen recreation^a	-0.029	0.009	-0.097	-3.14**	-0.05, -0.01			-0.026	0.013	-0.089	-1.97*	-0.05, -0.00			-0.038	0.014	-0.123	-2.83**	-0.06, -0.01
After-school education^b	-0.038	0.009	-0.124	-4.26***	-0.06, -0.02			-0.031	0.014	0.007	-2.31*	-0.06, -0.01			-0.042	0.012	-0.145	-3.47**	-0.07, -0.02
Passive travel^c	-0.053	0.031	-0.046	-1.72	-0.11, 0.01			-0.035	0.046	-0.029	-0.76	-0.13, 0.06			-0.074	0.042	-0.066	-1.76	-0.16, 0.01
Cultural activities^d	-0.011	0.012	-0.023	-0.87	-0.03, 0.01			-0.016	0.020	-0.030	-0.78	-0.06, 0.02			0.003	0.015	0.008	0.22	-0.03, 0.03
Social activities^e	-0.048	0.017	-0.078	-2.83**	-0.08, -0.01			-0.022	0.025	-0.037	-0.91	-0.07, 0.03			-0.051	0.025	-0.079	-2.05*	-0.10, -0.00

Abbreviations: BMI Body mass index, PA Physical activity, PAQ-C Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children
^aSmall screen recreation includes watching television/videos/DVDs and using a computer for fun (e-communications, e-games, internet surfing)
^bAfter-school education includes doing homework (on or off a computer) and out-of-school tutoring
^cPassive travel includes motorized travel (motorbike/car/bus)
^dCultural activities include reading for fun, doing hobbies or crafts, and playing/practicing a musical instrument
^eSocial activities include sitting and chatting with friends, hanging out, using the telephone, and religious activities (going to temple or mediation)
^* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001

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ISSN: 1471-2458

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