The prevalence and determinants of physical activity in secondary Vietnamese students: a hierarchical analysis

BMC Public Health

Table 2 Participant characteristics and related factors in PA

Variables	Total, n = 475	Boys, n = 241	Girls, n = 234	p-value^†
Variables	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	p-value^†
Demographic and anthropometric factors
Age (years)	11.8 ± 0.3	11.8 ± 0.3	11.7 ± 0.3	0.230
Height (centimetres)	152.6 ± 6.2	45.4 ± 7.9	43.5 ± 6.8	0.007
Weight (kilograms)	44.5 ± 7.4	152.7 ± 6.4	152.5 ± 6.0	0.762
BMI (kg/m²)	19.1 ± 2.8	19.4 ± 2.9	18.7 ± 2.5	0.004
Psychosocial factors related to PA
PA self-efficacy	3.4 ± 0.8	3.5 ± 0.8	3.4 ± 0.7	0.766
Beliefs in PA outcome	3.5 ± 0.9	3.5 ± 0.9	3.5 ± 0.8	0.605
Enjoyment of PA	3.6 ± 0.9	3.6 ± 0.9	3.5 ± 0.9	0.469
Family influence on PA	3.2 ± 1.0	3.2 ± 1.0	3.1 ± 0.9	0.233
Teacher influence on PA	3.7 ± 0.8	3.6 ± 0.8	3.7 ± 0.7	0.427
Sedentary behavior time for the week (hours/day)
Small screen recreation^a	1.6 ± 0.9	1.7 ± 1.0	1.5 ± 0.9	0.053
After-school education^b	1.8 ± 0.9	1.8 ± 0.9	1.9 ± 0.9	0.063
Passive travel^c	0.3 ± 0.2	0.3 ± 0.2	0.2 ± 0.1	0.267
Cultural activities^d	0.7 ± 0.6	0.7 ± 0.5	0.8 ± 0.7	0.005
Social activitiese	0.6 ± 0.4	0.5 ± 0.4	0.7 ± 0.4	0.001
Total sedentary behaviors^f	5.0 ± 1.6	4.9 ± 1.6	5.2 ± 1.7	0.092
The prevalence of PA
Total PAQ-C score	2.5 ± 0.7	2.6 ± 0.7	2.4 ± 0.6	0.027
PA level^(I)
Sufficient (PAQ-C score > 2.75)	175 (36.8)	98 (40.7)	77 (32.9)	0.080
Insufficient (PAQ-C score ≤ 2.75)	300 (63.2)	143 (59.3)	157 (67.1)

Abbreviations: BMI Body mass index, PA Physical activity, PAQ-C Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children, SD Standard deviation
^†Chi-square test and independent T-test were used to examine significant gender differences at p-value < 0.05
^(I)Data expressed as frequency (percentage)
^aSmall screen recreation includes watching television/videos/DVDs and using a computer for fun (e-communications, e-games, internet surfing)
^bAfter-school education includes doing homework (on or off a computer) and out-of-school tutoring
^cPassive travel includes motorized travel (motorbike/car/bus)
^dCultural activities include reading for fun, doing hobbies or crafts, and playing/practicing a musical instrument
^eSocial activities include sitting and chatting with friends, hanging out, using the telephone, and religious activities (going to temple or mediation)
^fTotal sedentary behavior includes activities in^a,^b,^c,^d,^e

ISSN: 1471-2458