Prevalence and associations of hypertension detection, treatment and control in Cape Town

Peer, Nasheeta; Levitt, Naomi; Lombard, Carl; George, Jaya; Kengne, Andre-Pascal

doi:10.1186/s12889-025-22307-0

BMC Public Health

Table 1 Prevalence and univariate associations of socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle behaviours and selected comorbidities with hypertension detection, treatment and control

From: Prevalence and associations of hypertension detection, treatment and control in Cape Town

	Detection among hypertension participants				Treatment among detected participants				Control among treated participants
	Number	%	Odds ratio	95% CI	Number	%	Odds ratio	95% CI	Number	%	Odds ratio	95% CI
	287/460	62.4			217/287	75.6			124/217	57.1
Age (years): < 35	16	29.1	1.00		12	75.0	1.00		7	58.3	1.00
35–44	37	42.1	1.77	0.86–3.63	22	59.5	0.49	0.13–1.81	12	54.6	0.86	0.21–3.56
45–54	99	66.9	4.92	2.51–9.67	78	78.8	1.24	0.36–4.24	47	60.3	1.08	0.32–3.72
55–64	78	75.0	7.31	3.52–15.20	58	74.4	0.97	0.28–3.34	32	55.2	0.88	0.25–3.10
≥ 65	57	87.7	17.37	6.77–44.52	47	82.5	1.57	0.42–5.87	26	55.3	0.88	0.24–3.19
Gender: Male	67	41.6	1.00		41	61.2	1.00		20	48.8	1.00
Female	220	73.6	3.91	2.61–5.86	176	80.0	2.54	1.40–4.59	104	59.1	1.52	0.77–3.00
Education (years): > 7	127	55.5	1.00		93	73.2	1.00		55	59.1	1.00
≤ 7	160	69.3	1.81	1.24–2.65	124	77.5	1.26	0.73–2.16	69	55.7	0.87	0.50–1.49
% of life spent in city: < 50	83	56.1	1.00		65	78.3	1.00		34	52.3	1.00
≥ 50	196	64.9	1.45	0.97–2.16	148	75.5	0.85	0.46–1.58	89	60.1	1.38	0.76–2.48
Work: Other	170	73.0	1.00		129	75.9	1.00		74	57.4	1.00
Unemployed	117	51.5	0.39	0.27–0.58	88	75.2	0.96	0.56–1.67	50	56.8	0.98	0.57–1.69
House: Other	205	70.0	1.00		157	76.6	1.00		90	57.3	1.00
Informal shack	82	49.1	0.41	0.28–0.61	60	73.2	0.83	0.46–1.50	34	56.7	0.97	0.53–1.77
Lowest/poorest wealth tertile: No	222	67.7	1.00		166	74.8	1.00		97	58.4	1.00
Yes	65	49.2	0.46	0.31–0.70	51	78.5	1.23	0.63–2.39	27	52.9	0.80	0.43–1.50
Problematic alcohol use: No	238	69.6	1.00		183	76.9	1.00		105	57.4	1.00
Yes	49	41.5	0.31	0.20–0.48	34	69.4	0.68	0.35–1.34	19	55.9	0.94	0.45–1.96
Smoking ≥ 1 cigarette/day: No	254	67.7	1.00		197	77.6	1.00		114	57.9	1.00
Yes	33	38.8	0.30	0.19–0.49	20	60.1	0.45	0.21–0.95	10	50.0	0.73	0.29–1.83
Family history of hypertension: No	141	56.0	1.00		101	71.6	1.00		61	60.4	1.00
Yes	138	69.7	1.81	1.22–2.68	112	81.2	1.71	0.97–2.99	62	55.4	0.81	0.47–1.40
Body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m²: No	97	46.2	1.00		70	72.2	1.00		44	62.9	1.00
Yes	190	76.0	3.69	2.48–5.49	147	77.4	1.32	0.75–2.31	80	54.4	0.71	0.39–1.26
Diabetes: No	189	54.6	1.00		134	70.9	1.00		77	57.5	1.00
Yes	98	86.0	3.69	2.48–5.49	83	84.7	2.27	1.21–4.28	47	56.6	0.97	0.56–1.68
Dyslipidaemia: No	102	52.9	1.00		71	69.6	1.00		41	57.8	1.00
Yes	185	69.3	5.09	2.88–8.99	146	78.9	1.63	0.94–2.83	83	56.9	0.96	0.54–1.71
Chronic kidney disease: No	259	60.2	1.00		193	74.5	1.00		112	58.0	1.00
Yes	28	93.3	9.24	2.17–39.31	24	85.7	2.05	0.69–6.13	12	50	0.72	0.31–1.69

Work: other: employed, pensioners, homemakers, students and those receiving disability grants, House: other: council/core house, hostel and built formal unit (private); Problematic alcohol use: CAGE ≥ 2, Family history of hypertension: first degree relative; Diabetes: fasting plasma glucose ≥ 7.0 mmol/l and/or 2-h post glucose load ≥ 11.1 mmol/l, and participants with known/detected diabetes, Dyslipidaemia: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥ 3 mmol/l or on treatment, Chronic kidney disease: estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/min/1.73m²

Back to article page

ISSN: 1471-2458

Contact us

General enquiries: journalsubmissions@springernature.com