Table 1 Search strategy

Marginalization

(Vulnerab* OR hard to reach OR seldom heard OR hidden group OR disadvantage* OR underrepresented OR under-represented OR underserved OR under-served OR low income OR low-income OR poor income OR low socioeconomic status OR low socioeconomic position OR low literacy OR low health literacy OR raciali#ed OR ethnic minorit* OR refugees OR asylum seekers OR deprived OR oppressed OR marginali* OR newcomer* OR immigrant* OR at risk OR at-risk OR minority OR minority health OR disabilit* OR disabled OR Indigenous OR Aboriginal OR First Nations OR Inuit OR Metis OR M#tis OR nonbinary OR LGBTQ OR LGBTQS OR LGBTQS2 OR LGBTQS2 + OR 2SLGBTQ +).tw,kf

Engagement/Recruitment/Retention

(Engag* OR patient engag* OR participant engag* OR public engag* OR patient outreach OR public outreach OR community member OR community participation OR patient participation OR public participation OR public involvement OR patient involvement OR patient selection OR public selection or recruitment OR participant recruitment OR retention* OR participant retention OR retentive*).tw,kf

Environmental chemicals

Biomonitor* OR monitor* OR biomarker OR exposure biomarker OR marker OR biological monitoring OR human biomonitoring OR human biomonitoring data OR human biomonitoring research OR environmental chemical* OR chemical* OR Lead OR arsenic OR mercury OR cadmium OR manganese OR phthalates OR bisphenol A OR BPA OR polybrominated diphenyl ethers OR PBDEs OR organophosphate OR OP OR pesticides OR polychlorinated biphenyls OR PCBs OR triclosan OR cotinine OR perfluoroalkyl substances OR PFASs OR metals OR parabens OR phenols OR Pesticides OR flame retardants).tw,kf

Cohort Studies

(Cohort OR cohort studies OR prospective* OR longitudinal* OR population based OR population based cohort or population based cohort stud*).tw,kf