Table 1 Characteristics of First Nations and non-First Nations birthing persons by level of parental contact with CPS, 1998–2019
| Â | First Nations birthing persons | Â | Non-First Nations birthing persons | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N = 13,171 |  | N = 106,712 | |||||||
No CPS involvement | Ever had a CPS file open for child(ren) | Ever had child(ren) in out-of-home placement | Ever had termination of parental rights | Â | No CPS involvement | Ever had a CPS file open for child(ren) | Ever had child(ren) in out-of-home placement | Ever had termination of parental rights | |
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | Â | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |
All n (% of N) | 6640 (50.4) | 6531 (49.6) | 3609 (27.4) | 1259 (9.6) | Â | 92,768 (86.9) | 13,944 (13.1) | 5029 (4.7) | 1963 (1.8) |
Age at first parental involvement with CPS^ | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Under 18 |  | 1514 (23.2) | 812 (22.5) | 359(28.5) |  |  | 3043 (21.8) | 1153 (22.9) | 508 (25.9) |
 18–19 |  | 781 (12.0) | 526 (14.6) | 232 (18.4) |  |  | 1424 (10.2) | 764 (15.2) | 392 (20.0) |
 20–29 |  | 3276 (50.2) | 1880 (52.1) | 598 (47.5) |  |  | 5661 (40.6) | 2281 (45.4) | 882 (44.9) |
 30+ |  | 953 (14.6) | 387 (10.7) | 67 (5.3) |  |  | 3741 (26.8) | 791 (15.7) | 181 (9.2) |
Characteristics at first child’s birth |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Age* | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Under 18 | 1183 (17.8) | 2481 (38.0) | 1379 (38.2) | 520 (41.3) |  | 697 (0.8) | 3428 (24.6) | 1330 (26.5) | 544 (27.7) |
 18–19 | 1853 (27.9) | 1843 (28.2) | 1064 (29.5) | 377 (29.9) |  | 4846 (5.2) | 3033 (21.7) | 1364 (27.1) | 588 (30.0) |
 20–29 | 3245 (48.9) | 2075 (31.8) | 1106 (30.6) | 342 (27.2) |  | 53,967 (58.2) | 6006 (43.1) | 1984 (39.4) | 727 (37.0) |
 30+ | 359 (5.4) | 125 (1.9) | 56 (1.6) | 17 (1.4) |  | 32,878 (35.4) | 1402 (10.1) | 311 (6.2) | 84 (4.3) |
Neighborhood Location | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Urban | 713 (10.7) | 1,212 (18.6) | 686 (19.0) | 319 (25.3) |  | 60,704 (65.4) | 8811 (63.2) | 3093 (61.5) | 1276 (65.0) |
 Rural | 5898 (88.8) | 5,272 (80.7) | 2896 (80.2) | 926 (73.6) |  | 31,544 (34.0) | 4899 (35.1) | 1793 (35.7) | 627 (31.9) |
 Missing | 29 (0.5) | 47 (0.7) | 27 (0.8) | 14 (1.1) |  | 520 (0.6) | 234 (1.7) | 143 (2.8) | 60 (3.1) |
 Reserve status |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 Living on reserve | 5195 (81.4) | 4495 (72.3) | 2491 (72.5) | 779 (65.5) |  |  |  |  |  |
 Living off reserve | 1187 (18.6) | 1719 (27.7) | 943 (27.5) | 410 (34.5) |  |  |  |  |  |
Neighborhood Income Quintile | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 1 – Lowest | 3,628 (54.7) | 4,197 (64.3) | 2331 (64.6) | 836 (66.4) |  | 16,283 (17.5) | 4996 (35.8) | 2212 (44.0) | 964 (49.1) |
 2 | 1,899 (28.6) | 1,345 (20.6) | 703 (19.5) | 237 (18.8) |  | 19,589 (21.1) | 3243 (23.3) | 1101 (22.0) | 419 (21.3) |
 3 | 380 (5.7) | 422 (6.5) | 269 (7.4) | 110 (8.7) |  | 19,811 (21.4) | 2348 (16.8) | 704 (14.0) | 242 (12.3) |
 4 | 572 (8.6) | 428 (6.5) | 233 (6.5) | 51 (4.1) |  | 19,352 (20.9) | 1844 (13.2) | 521 (10.3) | 162 (8.3) |
 5 – Highest | 132 (2.0) | 92 (1.4) | 46 (1.3) | 11 (0.9) |  | 17,213 (18.5) | 1279 (9.2) | 348 (6.9) | 116 (5.9) |
 Missing | 29 (0.4) | 47 (0.7) | 27 (0.7) | 14 (1.1) |  | 520 (0.6) | 234 (1.7) | 143 (2.8) | 60 (3.1) |