Effect of nutrition education on hemoglobin level of pregnant women in Southeast Ethiopia: a cluster randomized controlled trial

Table 2 Comparison of the health belief model and the theory of planned behavior constructs between and within the intervention and control groups during pregnancy in Southeast Ethiopia, 2021

HBM and TPB constructs	Study period	HBM and TPB constructs score		P
HBM and TPB constructs	Study period	Control group, Mean ± SD	Intervention group, Mean ± SD	P
Perceived susceptibility	Baseline End-line P	5.27 ± 2.2 5.46 ± 1.95 0.04	5.33 ± 2.48 7.43 ± 1.74 < 0.0001	0.80 < 0.0001
Perceived severity	Baseline End-line P	8.05 ± 2.70) 8.57 ± 2.49) < 0.0001	7.34 ± 2.72 8.30 ± 2.36 < 0.0001	0.006 0.25
Perceived Benefit	Baseline End-line P	11.04 ± 1.66 10.86 ± 1.79 0.10	11.46 ± 1.42 11.57 ± 1.22 0.07	0.004 < 0.0001
Perceived barriers	Baseline End-line P	8.55 ± 2.71 9.25 ± 2.88 < 0.0001	8.20 ± 2.43 7.88 ± 2.54 0.02	0.39 < 0.0001
Cues to action	Baseline End-line P	11.0 ± 2.61 11.61 ± 1.44 < 0.0001	11.65 ± 1.15 11.55 ± 1.19 0.25	< 0.0001 0.57
Self-efficacy	Baseline End-line P	9.22 ± 2.07 9.55 ± 11.81 < 0.0001	9.93 ± 2.28 10.58 ± 1.69 < 0.0001	0.001 < 0.0001
Attitude	Baseline End-line P	13.32 ± 1.66 13.61 ± 1.69 0.002	12.32 ± 3.84 14.23 ± 1.49 < 0.0001	< 0.0001 < 0.0001
Subjective norm	Baseline End-line P	13.46 ± 1.55 13.80 ± 1.39 < 0.0001	12.89 ± 3.71 14.29 ± 1.51 < 0.0001	0.04 < 0.0001
Perceived behavioral control	Baseline End-line P	7.48 ± 2.25 8.17 ± 1.92 < 0.0001	7.92 ± 2.44 9.37 ± 1.40 < 0.0001	0.04 < 0.0001
Behavioral intention	Baseline End-line P	31.62 ± 3.52 32.91 ± 2.39 < 0.0001	30.30 ± 8.07 33.64 ± 2.71 < 0.0001	0.02 0.003

HBM: Health belief model; TPB: Theory of planned behavior; P: P-value; SD: Standard deviation

ISSN: 1471-2458