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Table 4 Wellbeing outcomes by individual and co-occurring NCD risk factors, in adolescents

From: The relationship between non-communicable disease risk and mental wellbeing in adolescence: a cross-sectional study utilising objective measures in Indonesia

  

Psychological distress

(scale: 0–40)

Physical function quality of life

(scale: 0–100)

Youth general quality of life

(scale: 0–100)

NCD risksa in Jakarta and South Sulawesi

  

Mean Diff

95% CI

Mean Diff

95% CI

Mean Diff

95% CI

Adiposity

High BMI

1.04*

(0.2, 1.9)

−4.05*

(−6.3, −1.8)

−1.08

(−4.4, 2.2)

High waist

1.29

(−0.0, 2.6)

−3.65*

(−6.7, −0.6)

−1.19

(−4.8, 2.4)

Substance use

Smoking

1.50*

(0.1, 3.0)

−2.77

(−7.3, 1.8)

−5.46*

(−10.7, −0.3)

Alcohol use

2.04*

(0.1, 3.9)

−0.54

(−4.8, 3.7)

−3.49

(−9.2, 2.2)

Physical inactivity

Inadequate MVPA

2.35*

(0.6, 4.1)

−5.56*

(−10.1, −1.1)

−12.63*

(−16.7, −8.6)

Inadequate vigorous PA

0.87*

(0.1, 1.7)

−6.46*

(−8.9, −4.0)

−3.54*

(−6.0, −1.1)

Sedentary

Excess TV

−0.05

(−0.9, 0.8)

−0.29

(−2.3, 1.8)

2.59

(−0.1, 5.2)

Excess gaming

2.21*

(0.9, 3.5)

−3.04*

(−5.7, −0.4)

0.90

(−2.3, 4.1)

Diet

Inadequate fruit or veg

1.79*

(0.8, 2.8)

−2.83

(−6.1, 0.5)

−5.96*

(−9.6, −2.3)

Excess sweets/ soft drink

0.92*

(0.1, 1.7)

−0.11

(−2.0, 1.8)

1.00

(−1.3, 3.3)

 

Coeff

95% CI

Coeff

95% CI

Coeff

95% CI

Co-occurring NCD risk countb

1.40*

(1.0, 1.8)

−2.54*

(−3.7, −1.4)

−1.68*

(−3.1, −0.3)

  1. NB: Each regression model was adjusted for significantly associated covariates: province, sex, family socioeconomic status, and religious affiliation
  2. aNCD risks are binary outcomes where the reference category is the absence of the risk factor, as defined in Table 1
  3. bCo-occurring risk counts for NCD risks are continuous measures
  4. *Indicates P value: p < 0.05