Table 4 Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression examining the association of parent-child connectedness and covariates with tobacco use among the sample studied

Explanatory Variable

   Parental Homework Supervision (Yes) ^¥

0.741 [0.655 – 0.837]

0.001***

0.844 [0.746 – 0.954]

0.009**

0.864 [0.760 – 0.983]

0.028*

   Parents Understand Problems (Yes) ^¥

0.729 [0.651 – 0.817]

0.001***

0.849 [0.758 – 0.951]

0.006**

0.931 [0.815–1.063]

0.278

   Parental Free Time Supervision (Yes) ^¥

0.622 [0.560 – 0.692]

0.001***

0.683 [0.617 – 0.756]

0.001***

0.752 [0.674 – 0.838]

0.001**

Socio-Demographics

   Female

Ref.

Ref.

   Male

3.693 [3.255–4.189]

0.001***

2.803 [2.476–3.173]

0.001***

Age

   ≤13

Ref.

Ref.

   14–16

1.825 [1.483–2.246]

1.995 [1.617–2.462]

0.001***

   ≥16

2.696 [1.975–3.680]

0.001***

2.920 [2.149–3.967]

0.001***

Socioemotional Distress

   No close friends (Yes) ^¥

0.749 [0.608 – 0.923]

0.009**

0.767 [0.601 – 0.978]

0.034*

   Anxiety (Yes) ^¥

1.620 [1.372–1.911]

0.001***

1.344 [1.050–1.719]

0.021*

   Bullied (Yes) ^¥

1.412 [1.183–1.684]

0.001***

0.959 [0.818–1.125]

0.595

   Physically attacked (Yes) ^¥

1.899 [1.645–2.194]

0.001***

1.166 [1.049–1.295]

0.006**

   Physically Fight (Yes) ^¥

2.630 [2.206–3.136]

0.001***

1.803 [1.530–2.125]

0.001***

Contextual Factors

   Peer Support (Yes) ^¥

0.779 [ 0.698 – 0.870]

0.001***

0.892 [0.796–1.000]

0.050*

   Loneliness (Yes) ^¥

1.241 [ 1.063–1.488]

0.008**

1.086 [0.872–1.352]

0.447

   Passive Smoking (Yes) ^¥

7.559 [6.541–8.735]

0.001***

5.932 [5.106–6.890]

0.001***

   School Truancy (Yes) ^¥

2.673 [2.350–3.042]

0.001***

1.780 [1.544–2.053]

0.001***