Table 2 Psychosocial work aspects of on-site and remote workers during first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil
Dimension | 1st wave (n = 1211) | 2nd wave (n = 633) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
On-site (n = 314) | Remote (n = 897) | P | On-site (n = 147) | Remote (n = 486) | P | |||
High quantitative work demands | 22 (7.0) | 95 (10.6) | < 0.01 | 12 (8.2) | 65 (13.4) | 0.24 | ||
High work pace | 147 (46.8) | 448 (49.9) | 0.53 | 73 (49.7) | 226 (46.5) | 0.39 | ||
High emotional work demands | 188 (59.9) | 462 (51.5) | 0.04 | 88 (59.9) | 218 (44.9) | < 0.01 | ||
Low influence on work | 122 (38.9) | 292 (32.6) | 0.06 | 59 (40.1) | 145 (29.8) | 0.02 | ||
Low skill development | 40 (12.7) | 50 (5.6) | < 0.01 | 19 (12.9) | 22 (4.5) | < 0.01 | ||
Non-meaningful work | 42 (13.4) | 94 (10.5) | 0.17 | 29 (19.7) | 67 (13.8) | 0.15 | ||
Low commitment | 50 (15.9) | 86 (9.6) | < 0.01 | 26 (17.7) | 54 (11.1) | 0.06 | ||
Low predictability | 103 (32.8) | 210 (23.4) | < 0.01 | 54 (36.7) | 115 (23.7) | < 0.01 | ||
Low appreciation and recognition | 78 (24.8) | 142 (15.8) | < 0.01 | 35 (23.8) | 71 (14.6) | < 0.01 | ||
Low leadership quality | 88 (28.0) | 235 (26.2) | 0.10 | 49 (33.3) | 100 (20.6) | < 0.01 | ||
Low management and work trust | 38 (12.1) | 77 (8.6) | 0.19 | 17 (11.6) | 31 (6.4) | 0.10 | ||
Low justice and respect | 72 (22.9) | 174 (19.4) | 0.41 | 34 (23.1) | 87 (17.9) | 0.27 | ||
Low role clarity | 45 (14.3) | 85 (9.5) | 0.06 | 23 (15.6) | 55 (11.3) | 0.28 | ||
Low social support | 73 (23.2) | 179 (20.0) | 0.11 | 33 (22.4) | 83 (17.1) | 0.20 | ||
Low job satisfaction | 75 (23.9) | 141 (15.7) | < 0.01 | 33 (22.4) | 79 (16.3) | 0.09 | ||
High work family conflict | 125 (39.8) | 435 (48.5) | < 0.01 | 60 (40.8) | 236 (48.6) | < 0.01 | ||
Poor self-rated health | 42 (13.4) | 87 (9.7) | 0.19 | 22 (15.0) | 58 (11.9) | 0.52 | ||
Burnout | 241 (76.8) | 681 (75.9) | 0.75 | 112 (76.2) | 364 (74.9) | < 0.01 | ||
Stress | 248 (79.0) | 707 (78.8) | 0.97 | 118 (80.3) | 381 (78.4) | 0.32 | ||
Unwanted sexual attention | 40 (12.7) | 44 (4.9) | < 0.01 | 14 (9.5) | 19 (3.9) | < 0.01 | ||
Threats of violence | 61 (19.4) | 72 (8.0) | < 0.01 | 25 (17.0) | 25 (5.1) | < 0.01 | ||
Physical violence | 15 (4.8) | 6 (0.7) | < 0.01 | 5 (3.4) | 1 (0.2) | < 0.01 | ||
Bullying | 54 (17.2) | 137 (15.3) | 0.42 | 21 (14.3) | 60 (12.3) | 0.54 | ||