Table 3 Individual and household level characteristics of respondents with a perceived health need (n = 3703) and the association (expressed in odds ratios) between these characteristics and seeking care

Individual level

Sex (%)

 Female

1922 (90.0)

214 (10.0)

2136 (100.0)

1

1

 Male

1409 (89.9)

159 (10.1)

1568 (100.0)

0.98 (0.78–1.24)

1.08 (0.84–1.38)

Age group⁴ (%)

 < 5

603 (91.0)

60 (9.0)

663 (100.0)

1

1

 5–9

529 (90.6)

55 (9.4)

584 (100.0)

0.96 (0.71–1.29)

1.06 (0.72–1.56)

 10–14

333 (91.0)

33 (9.0)

366 (100.0)

1.01 (0.71–1.45)

1.39 (0.90–2.14)

 15–19

350 (89.7)

40 (10.3)

390 (100.0)

0.87 (0.55–1.37)

1.31 (0.79–2.16)

 20–29

538 (91.0)

53 (9.0)

591 (100.0)

1.01 (0.70–1.47)

1.55 (1.03–2.32)

 30–39

415 (89.2)

50 (10.8)

465 (100.0)

0.84 (0.62–1.13)

1.08 (0.73–1.25)

 40–49

219 (88.3)

29 (11.7)

248 (100.0)

0.75 (0.48–1.18)

1.20 (0.73–1.98)

 ≥ 50

323 (87.5)

46 (12.5)

369 (100.0)

0.70 (0.47–1.06)

1.03 (0.65–1.63)

Medication (%)

 Not obtained

253 (73.5)

91 (26.5)

344 (100.0)

1

1

 Obtained and paid for

2426 (91.3)

230 (8.7)

2656 (100.0)

3.80 (2.38–6.04)

2.45 (1.15–5.23)

 Obtained and not paid for

643 (93.2)

47 (6.8)

690 (100.0)

4.96 (3.17–7.75)

4.26 (2.08–8.74)

 Other

8 (66.7)

4 (33.3)

12 (100.0)

NA⁵

NA⁵

Household level

State (%)

 Central Equatoria

609 (83.9)

117 (16.1)

726 (100.0)

1

1

 Western Equatoria

2068 (98.5)

31 (1.5)

2099 (100.0)

12.88 (4.81–34.43)

9.01 (2.35–34.54)

 Warrap

653 (74.4)

225 (25.6)

878 (100.0)

0.56 (0.31-1.00)

0.16 (0.03–1.01)

Median household size (IQR)

7 (5–10)

7 (6–9)

NA

1.02 (0.98–1.06)

1.00 (0.95–1.06)

Residence (%)

 Urban

1542 (92.3)

129 (7.7)

1671 (100.0)

1

1

 Rural

1788 (88.0)

244 (12.0)

2032 (100.0)

0.61 (0.31–1.22)

0.59 (0.73–3.93)

Sex HoH (%)

 Female

1327 (91.3)

127 (8.7)

1453 (100.0)

1

1

 Male

1876 (88.8)

237 (11.2)

2113 (100.0)

0.76 (0.50–1.15)

1.21 (0.78–1.88)

 Missing

127 (93.0)

10 (7.0)

137 (100.0)

NA⁵

NA⁵

Religion (%)

 Christian

3043 (91.4)

285 (8.6)

3328 (100.0)

1

1

 Muslim

50 (84.7)

9 (15.3)

59 (100.0)

0.55 (0.22–1.34)

1.04 (0.61–1.77)

 None

229 (75.1)

76 (24.9)

305 (100.0)

0.28 (0.16–0.48)

1.19 (0.67–2.09)

 Other/ Don’t know

8 (72.3)

3 (27.2)

11 (100.0)

NA⁵

NA⁵

Education HoH (%)

 None

1454 (86.9)

219 (13.1)

1674 (100.0)

1

1

 Primary or intermediate

835 (93.4)

59 (6.6)

894 (100.0)

2.14 (1.40–3.29)

1.07 (0.66–1.72)

 Secondary or above

892 (91.4)

84 (8.6)

976 (100.0)

1.61 (0.92–2.79)

0.96 (0.54–1.71)

 Don’t know

21 (94.7)

1 (5.3)

23 (100.0)

NA⁵

NA⁵

 Missing

127 (93.0)

10 (7.0)

137 (100.0)

NA⁵

NA⁵

Wealth quintiles (%)

 Poorest

824 (90.5)

86 (9.5)

910 (100.0)

1

1

 Lower

848 (93.5)

59 (6.5)

907 (100.0)

1.49 (0.79–2.82)

1.71 (0.78–3.75)

 Middle

733 (89.3)

88 (10.7)

821 (100.0)

0.87 (0.40–1.87)

1.07 (0.48–2.37)

 Higher

549 (92.1)

47 (7.9)

596 (100.0)

1.23 (0.63–2.29)

1.99 (0.80–4.94)

 Highest

376 (80.3)

92 (19.7)

468 (100.0)

0.43 (0.25–0.72)

0.97 (0.29–3.24)

Median distance hospital (km) (IQR)

5.1 (2.3–20.5)

11.6 (3.5–28.6)

5.3 (2.4–25.6)

0.99 (0.98-1.00)

1.02(1.00-1.05)

Median distance public health centre/ unit (km) (IQR)

1.8 (1.1–3.9)

1.9 (0.8–4.8)

1.8 (1.0-3.9)

0.99 (0.87–1.13)

1.00 (0.83–1.21)

Aware BHWs (%)

 Yes

1530 (93.5)

107 (6.5)

1637 (100.0)

1

1

 No

1796 (87.0)

266 (12.9)

2062 (100.0)

2.13 (1.33–3.33)

1.70 (1.08–2.67)

 Refused to answer

4 (100.0)

0 (0.0)

4 (100.0)

NA⁵

NA⁵