Fig. 3
Risk of incident NAFLD according to air pollution and lifestyle categories. Abbreviations: NO2, nitrogen dioxide; NOx, nitrogen oxides; PM2.5, particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm; PM10, particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 10 μm; PM2.5−10, particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter in 2.5–10 μm; wAPS, weighted air pollution score; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; Ref., reference. The hazard ratios for NAFLD according to (A) NO2, (B) NOx, (C) PM2.5, (D) PM10, (E) PM2.5−10, (F) wAPS, and lifestyle risk score categories were estimated by using Cox proportional hazard models with adjustment for age, sex, ethnicity, BMI, education level, employment status, household income, Townsend deprivation index, 24-hour weighted average noise, greenspace percentage in 1000 m buffer and proximity to major roads. Definition of lifestyle categories: most healthy (scored 0), moderately healthy (scored 1 or 2), and least healthy (scored 3, 4, 5, or 6)