Table 1 Themes and subthemes along with contributing data

Oral health knowledge

- Randomised control trial (n = 2)  [28, 29]

Preventative oral health care

- Cross-sectional (n = 2) [30, 31]

Side effects of psychotropic medication

- Cohort (n = 2) [32, 33]

- Qualitative (n = 1) [24]

Oral health attitudes

- Randomised control trial (n = 2) [29, 34]

Impact of mental illness

- Cross-sectional (n = 4) [35,36,37,38]

Oral health not a priority

- Qualitative (n = 7) [22, 39,40,41,42,43,44]

Oral health practices

- Randomised controlled trial (n = 2) [29, 34]

Tooth brushing aids

- Cross-sectional (n = 19) [30, 31, 35,36,37,38, 45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57]

Frequency of brushing

Dental visits

Cost

Poor communication with dentists and health care providers

Practical barriers

- Case–control (n = 2) [58, 59]

Dental fears

- Cohort (n = 4) [32, 33, 60, 61]

- Qualitative (n = 6) [24, 39,40,41,42, 44]